[ { "id": "state-council-ai-plus-opinion-2025", "title": "State Council Opinion on Deepening the Implementation of the AI+ Action", "title_original": "国务院关于深入实施\"人工智能+\"行动的意见", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/content/202508/content_7037861.htm", "publisher": "中国政府网 (State Council)", "publication_date": "2025-08-26", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "ndrc-ai-plus-opinion-infographic-2025", "title": "Reading the AI+ Opinion in One Chart", "title_original": "一图读懂丨关于深入实施\"人工智能+\"行动的意见", "url": "https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/xxgk/jd/zctj/202508/t20250826_1400057.html", "publisher": "国家发展和改革委员会", "publication_date": "2025-08-26", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "miit-ai-plus-manufacturing-opinion-2026", "title": "Implementation Opinions on the AI+ Manufacturing Special Action (Eight Departments)", "title_original": "工业和信息化部等八部门关于印发《\"人工智能+制造\"专项行动实施意见》的通知", "url": "https://www.nda.gov.cn/sjj/zwgk/zcfb/0112/20260107214358696030895_pc.html", "publisher": "国家数据局", "publication_date": "2026-01-07", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "xinhua-ai-plus-manufacturing-2026", "title": "Eight Departments Jointly Issue the AI+ Manufacturing Special Action Implementation Opinions", "title_original": "八部门联合印发《\"人工智能+制造\"专项行动实施意见》", "url": "https://www.news.cn/tech/20260113/635d4b8aa5ed44d6af693ae39fe53b14/c.html", "publisher": "新华网", "publication_date": "2026-01-13", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "sasac-ai-plus-deepening-meeting-2025", "title": "SASAC Deploys the Deepening of the Central-Enterprise AI+ Special Action", "title_original": "国务院国资委部署深化中央企业\"AI+\"专项行动", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202502/content_7004999.htm", "publisher": "中国政府网 / 国务院国资委", "publication_date": "2025-02", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "sasac-first-batch-high-value-scenarios-2025", "title": "SASAC Releases the First Batch of Central-Enterprise Strategic High-Value AI Scenarios", "title_original": "国务院国资委发布首批央企人工智能战略性高价值场景", "url": "http://wap.sasac.gov.cn/n2588020/n2588072/n2590902/n2590904/c34139994/content.html", "publisher": "国务院国资委 (SASAC)", "publication_date": "2025-07", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "sasac-three-more-prominent-2025", "title": "SASAC: Three More-Prominent Priorities Deepen the Central-Enterprise AI+ Special Action", "title_original": "国务院国资委：\"三个更加突出\"深化央企\"AI+\"专项行动", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/lianbo/bumen/202503/content_7015624.htm", "publisher": "中国政府网 / 国务院国资委", "publication_date": "2025-03-25", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "gxfin-sasac-ai-plus-deepening-2025", "title": "SASAC Deploys Deepening of the Central-Enterprise AI+ Special Action, Making AI a 15th Five-Year Planning Priority", "title_original": "国务院国资委部署深化中央企业\"AI+\"专项行动 将发展人工智能作为央企\"十五五\"规划重点", "url": "https://m.gxfin.com/article/finance/cj/default/2025-02-22/6215686.html", "publisher": "广西财经 (转 新华/财联社)", "publication_date": "2025-02-22", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "C", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "gxfin-sasac-three-dimensions-2025", "title": "SASAC Deepens the Central-Enterprise AI+ Special Action on Three Fronts", "title_original": "国务院国资委三维度深化央企\"AI+\"专项行动", "url": "https://m.gxfin.com/article/finance/xw/default/2025-03-26/6225654.html", "publisher": "广西财经", "publication_date": "2025-03-26", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "C", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "shanghai-national-fund-xuhui-2025", "title": "The RMB 60 Billion National Fund Lands in Xuhui", "title_original": "600亿国家大基金落地徐汇", "url": "https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw15343/20250123/76167eae0a624d569fc71fe6627e5334.html", "publisher": "上海市人民政府", "publication_date": "2025-01-23", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "cls-big-fund-iii-shanghai-ai-2025", "title": "RMB 60 Billion: Big Fund III Joins Shanghai State Capital on AI", "title_original": "600亿！大基金三期联手上海国资发力人工智能", "url": "https://www.cls.cn/detail/1924269", "publisher": "财联社", "publication_date": "2025-01-20", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "sina-tmt-national-ai-fund-entry-2025", "title": "The RMB 60 Billion National AI Fund Enters the Market", "title_original": "600亿，国家人工智能基金入场", "url": "https://finance.sina.com.cn/cj/2025-04-15/doc-inethcvq7663217.shtml", "publisher": "钛媒体 / 新浪财经", "publication_date": "2025-04-15", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "C", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "boc-compute-loan-launch-2025", "title": "Bank of China Launches Voucher-Loan Linkage and the BOC Sci-Tech Compute Loan for the AI+ Action", "title_original": "券贷联动！中国银行首发中银科创算力贷助力\"人工智能+\"行动", "url": "https://www.boc.cn/aboutboc/bi1/202505/t20250517_25356420.html", "publisher": "中国银行 (Bank of China)", "publication_date": "2025-05-17", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "shanghai-ai-industry-development-regulation-2022", "title": "Shanghai Regulations on Promoting the Development of the AI Industry", "title_original": "上海市促进人工智能产业发展条例", "url": "https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/hqcyfz2/20230627/3a1fcfeff9234e8e9e6623eb12b49522.html", "publisher": "上海市人民政府", "publication_date": "2023-06-27", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "regulation", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "jswx-shanghai-ai-regulation-report-2022", "title": "Shanghai Legislates to Promote AI Industry Development, With Six Categories of Prohibited Conduct", "title_original": "上海立法促进人工智能产业发展，同时设6类禁止行为", "url": "https://www.jswx.gov.cn/csj/sh/202209/t20220922_3080902.shtml", "publisher": "江苏网信网 (转)", "publication_date": "2022-09-22", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "shanghai-expanding-ai-applications-measures-2025", "title": "Measures for Further Expanding AI Applications in Shanghai", "title_original": "上海市经济信息化委关于印发《上海市进一步扩大人工智能应用的若干措施》的通知", "url": "https://sheitc.sh.gov.cn/cyfz/20250728/e571042d40384fcf859a347eb99e10df.html", "publisher": "上海市经济和信息化委员会", "publication_date": "2025-07-28", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "shenzhen-sez-ai-regulation-announcement-2022", "title": "China's First Special AI Industry Legislation Officially Published (Shenzhen SEZ)", "title_original": "我国首部人工智能产业专项立法《深圳经济特区人工智能产业促进条例》正式公布", "url": "https://www.sz.gov.cn/cn/xxgk/zfxxgj/zwdt/content/post_10085826.html", "publisher": "深圳市人民政府", "publication_date": "2022-09", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "shenzhen-sez-ai-regulation-gazette-2022", "title": "Shenzhen SEZ AI Industry Promotion Regulations (Municipal Gazette No. 34)", "title_original": "深圳市人民政府公报 第34期（总第1258期）〔法规规章〕深圳经济特区人工智能产业促进条例", "url": "https://www.sz.gov.cn/attachment/1/1199/1199387/10166718.pdf", "publisher": "深圳市人民政府", "publication_date": "2022-09-30", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "regulation", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "shenzhen-ai-pioneer-city-plan-2024", "title": "Shenzhen Action Plan for Accelerating the Building of an AI Pioneer City", "title_original": "深圳市加快打造人工智能先锋城市行动方案", "url": "https://www.sz.gov.cn/cn/xxgk/zfxxgj/zcfg/content/post_11474466.html", "publisher": "深圳市人民政府", "publication_date": "2024", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "shenzhen-training-voucher-first-batch-2025", "title": "Shenzhen Issues the First Batch of Nearly RMB 200 Million in Training-Compute Vouchers", "title_original": "深圳向企业发放首批近2亿元\"训力券\"", "url": "https://www.sz.gov.cn/cn/xxgk/zfxxgj/zwdt/content/post_12097397.html", "publisher": "深圳市人民政府", "publication_date": "2025-03-29", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "beijing-ai-plus-action-plan-2024-2025", "title": "Beijing AI+ Action Plan (2024-2025)", "title_original": "北京市发展和改革委员会等关于印发《北京市推动\"人工智能+\"行动计划（2024-2025年）》的通知", "url": "https://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengcefagui/202503/t20250325_4043893.html", "publisher": "北京市人民政府", "publication_date": "2025-03-25", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "beijing-ai-compute-voucher-plan-2023", "title": "Beijing AI Compute Voucher Implementation Plan (2023-2025)", "title_original": "北京市经济和信息化局关于印发《人工智能算力券实施方案（2023—2025年）》的通知", "url": "https://www.beijing.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengcefagui/202310/t20231016_3280015.html", "publisher": "北京市人民政府", "publication_date": "2023-10-16", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "zhejiang-ai-innovation-measures-2025", "title": "Zhejiang Measures for Supporting AI Innovation and Development", "title_original": "浙江省人民政府印发关于支持人工智能创新发展若干措施的通知", "url": "https://www.zj.gov.cn/art/2025/5/16/art_1229017138_2555159.html", "publisher": "浙江省人民政府", "publication_date": "2025-05-16", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "hangzhou-ai-full-chain-plan-interpretation-2025", "title": "Policy Interpretation of the Hangzhou AI Full-Chain High-Quality Development Action Plan (2024-2026)", "title_original": "杭州市人工智能全产业链高质量发展行动计划（2024—2026年）政策解读", "url": "https://jxj.hangzhou.gov.cn/art/2025/1/8/art_1229145720_1848838.html", "publisher": "杭州市经济和信息化局", "publication_date": "2025-01-08", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "zhejiang-ndrc-ai-voucher-redemption-2025", "title": "Notice on 2025 AI Voucher (Compute Voucher) Redemption Applications", "title_original": "关于组织开展2025年人工智能券（算力券）兑付申报的通知", "url": "https://fzggw.zj.gov.cn/art/2025/5/16/art_1229629046_5509892.html", "publisher": "浙江省发展和改革委员会", "publication_date": "2025-05-16", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "nanjing-data-bureau-jiangsu-ai-plus-2026", "title": "Policy Digest: Jiangsu Province AI+ Action Plan", "title_original": "政策速递| 江苏省\"人工智能＋\"行动方案", "url": "https://njsj.nanjing.gov.cn/njszwfwglbgs/202601/t20260116_5770516.html", "publisher": "南京市数据局", "publication_date": "2026-01-16", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "zgjssw-jiangsu-ai-plus-plan-2026", "title": "Jiangsu Releases Its AI+ Action Plan", "title_original": "江苏发布\"人工智能+\"行动方案", "url": "https://www.zgjssw.gov.cn/yaowen/202601/t20260114_8551774.shtml", "publisher": "中共江苏省委新闻网", "publication_date": "2026-01-14", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "sichuan-ai-scenario-application-plan-2025", "title": "Sichuan Work Plan for Accelerating AI Scenario Applications (2025-2027)", "title_original": "四川省加快推进人工智能场景应用工作方案（2025—2027年）", "url": "https://kjt.sc.gov.cn/kjt/gstz/2025/5/30/360646d103a0456bb6ad702b4a7396da.shtml", "publisher": "四川省科学技术厅", "publication_date": "2025-05-30", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "chinanews-sichuan-ai-major-program-2024", "title": "RMB 315 Million Planned: Sichuan Launches the First Batch of Major AI Science and Technology Projects", "title_original": "计划投入3.15亿元！四川省人工智能重大科技专项首批项目启动", "url": "https://www.sc.chinanews.com.cn/shouye/2024-03-03/205134.html", "publisher": "中国新闻网·四川", "publication_date": "2024-03-03", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "hetao-gba-genai-safety-lab-2025", "title": "GBA Generative AI Safety Development Joint Laboratory Established in the Hetao Shenzhen Park", "title_original": "智汇湾区！粤港澳大湾区生成式人工智能安全发展联合实验室成立", "url": "https://htcz.sz.gov.cn/cxsj/pyq/content/post_12398544.html", "publisher": "河套深港科技创新合作区深圳园区官网", "publication_date": "2025-09", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "ndrc-hetao-plan-press-conference-2023", "title": "NDRC Leadership at the Press Conference on the Hetao Shenzhen Park Development Plan", "title_original": "国家发展改革委党组成员郭兰峰出席国新办《河套深港科技创新合作区深圳园区发展规划》新闻发布会", "url": "https://www.ndrc.gov.cn/fzggw/wld/glf/zyhd/202309/t20230905_1360388.html", "publisher": "国家发展和改革委员会", "publication_date": "2023-09-05", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "guangdong-ai-opc-action-plan-2026", "title": "Guangdong Action Plan for Supporting AI One-Person-Company Innovation (2026-2028)", "title_original": "广东省发展改革委关于印发《广东省支持人工智能OPC创新发展行动方案（2026—2028年）》的通知", "url": "https://www.cnbayarea.org.cn/policy/policyrelease/policies/content/post_1321436.html", "publisher": "粤港澳大湾区门户网", "publication_date": "2026", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "cpc-fujian-cross-strait-integration-opinion-2023", "title": "CPC Central Committee and State Council Opinion on Supporting Fujian in Exploring a New Path for Integrated Cross-Strait Development", "title_original": "中共中央 国务院关于支持福建探索海峡两岸融合发展新路 建设两岸融合发展示范区的意见", "url": "https://www.gwytb.gov.cn/zccs/zccs_61195/yj/", "publisher": "国务院台湾事务办公室 (Taiwan Affairs Office)", "publication_date": "2023-09-13", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "fujian-ai-plus-industry-report-2025", "title": "AI+ Empowerment: A New Wave of Industrial Transformation", "title_original": "\"AI+\"赋能，产业变革起新潮", "url": "https://www.fj.gov.cn/zwgk/ztzl/sxzygwzxsgzx/sdjj/szjj/202502/t20250220_6766059.htm", "publisher": "福建省人民政府", "publication_date": "2025-02-20", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "stdaily-sleeping-compute-investigation-2025", "title": "In Depth: With Utilization Around Thirty Percent, How Can Sleeping Compute Be Activated", "title_original": "深瞳丨利用率仅三成，\"沉睡\"的算力如何激活", "url": "https://www.stdaily.com/web/gdxw/2025-07/17/content_371093.html", "publisher": "科技日报 (Science and Technology Daily)", "publication_date": "2025-07-17", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "stcn-compute-center-overbuild-2025", "title": "Over 250 Intelligent Computing Centers Bloom Everywhere, Facing Tests From Construction to Use", "title_original": "超250个智算中心\"遍地开花\" 从建起来到用起来面临多重考验", "url": "https://stcn.com/article/detail/1301730.html", "publisher": "证券时报", "publication_date": "2025", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "cac-ai-safety-governance-framework-2-release-2025", "title": "AI Safety Governance Framework 2.0 Released", "title_original": "《人工智能安全治理框架》2.0版发布", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-09/15/c_1759653448369123.htm", "publisher": "中央网信办 (CAC)", "publication_date": "2025-09-15", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "tc260-ai-safety-governance-framework-2-2025", "title": "AI Safety Governance Framework 2.0", "title_original": "人工智能安全治理框架2.0", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/upload/2025-09-15/1757911253996041369.pdf", "publisher": "全国网络安全标准化技术委员会 (TC260)", "publication_date": "2025-09-15", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "xinhua-caict-360-model-standard-2024", "title": "CAICT and 360 Jointly Launch Large-Model Standard Development", "title_original": "中国信通院联合三六零启动大模型标准制定", "url": "http://www.news.cn/tech/20240228/1d9f7c5b8cdb4508af7b3577d8db45dc/c.html", "publisher": "新华网", "publication_date": "2024-02-28", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "sina-360-caict-security-certification-2024", "title": "360 Security Model Receives First-Batch CAICT Basic Cybersecurity Capability Certification", "title_original": "首批！360安全大模型获中国信通院基础网络安全能力评估认证", "url": "https://finance.sina.com.cn/tech/roll/2024-09-19/doc-incpspir1435943.shtml", "publisher": "新浪科技", "publication_date": "2024-09-19", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "C", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "eet-caict-hallucination-evaluation-2025", "title": "CAICT Launches Trusted-AI Large-Model Hallucination Evaluation", "title_original": "中国信通院启动\"可信AI\"大模型幻觉评测", "url": "https://www.eet-china.com/news/202503219702.html", "publisher": "电子工程专辑", "publication_date": "2025-03", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "C", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "yicai-ai-pilot-zones-2021", "title": "National AI Pilot Zones Grow to Eight: Why These Five Cities", "title_original": "国家人工智能先导区增至8个，为何选中这5个城市？", "url": "https://www.yicai.com/news/100955478.html", "publisher": "第一财经", "publication_date": "2021", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "miit-future-industries-unveiling-2023", "title": "MIIT Notice on the 2023 Future-Industry Innovation Task Unveiling-and-Commanding Program", "title_original": "工业和信息化部办公厅关于组织开展2023年未来产业创新任务揭榜挂帅工作的通知", "url": "https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/202309/content_6903897.htm", "publisher": "中国政府网 / 工信部", "publication_date": "2023-09", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "miit-vats-opening-pilot-2024", "title": "MIIT Notice on the Pilot Program Expanding the Opening of Value-Added Telecom Services", "title_original": "工业和信息化部关于开展增值电信业务扩大对外开放试点工作的通告 (工信部通信函〔2024〕107号)", "url": "https://www.miit.gov.cn/zwgk/zcwj/wjfb/tg/art/2024/art_2326271e1b424e09b6e5924ad2948863.html", "publisher": "工业和信息化部", "publication_date": "2024-04-10", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "mofcom-foreign-investment-action-plan-2026", "title": "MOFCOM Action Plan on Stabilizing and Improving the Use of Foreign Investment (No. 97 of 2026)", "title_original": "商务部等《利用外资固稳促优行动方案》 商资发〔2026〕97号", "url": "https://wzs.mofcom.gov.cn/zcfb/art/2026/art_5730401bc9e545b48eba74396973130c.html", "publisher": "商务部", "publication_date": "2026-06-22", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ingested from the reviewed AI+ political-economy research payload; cited by the China AI+ briefing." }, { "id": "report-market-sweep-2026-06-05", "title": "Asia AI Safety Atlas Market Sweep", "publisher": "Asia AI Safety Atlas research brief", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "research_brief", "reliability_rating": "C", "summary_note": "Used for structured discovery and synthesis. Public claims should be backfilled with canonical primary sources where possible." }, { "id": "report-china-standards-evaluation-2026-06-05", "title": "China Standards and Evaluation Research Brief", "publisher": "Asia AI Safety Atlas research brief", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "research_brief", "reliability_rating": "C", "summary_note": "Used for structured discovery and synthesis. Public claims should be backfilled with canonical primary sources where possible." }, { "id": "report-japan-korea-singapore-aisi-2026-06-05", "title": "Japan, Korea, and Singapore AISI Research Brief", "publisher": "Asia AI Safety Atlas research brief", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "research_brief", "reliability_rating": "C", "summary_note": "Used for structured discovery and synthesis. Public claims should be backfilled with canonical primary sources where possible." }, { "id": "report-technical-research-groups-2026-06-05", "title": "Technical Research Groups Research Brief", "publisher": "Asia AI Safety Atlas research brief", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "research_brief", "reliability_rating": "C", "summary_note": "Used for structured discovery and synthesis. Public claims should be backfilled with canonical primary sources where possible." }, { "id": "report-chinese-frontier-developers-2026-06-05", "title": "Chinese Frontier Developers Research Brief", "publisher": "Asia AI Safety Atlas research brief", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "research_brief", "reliability_rating": "C", "summary_note": "Used for structured discovery and synthesis. Public claims should be backfilled with canonical primary sources where possible." }, { "id": "report-china-west-dialogue-2026-06-05", "title": "China-West Dialogue Channels Research Brief", "publisher": "Asia AI Safety Atlas research brief", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "research_brief", "reliability_rating": "C", "summary_note": "Used for structured discovery and synthesis. Public claims should be backfilled with canonical primary sources where possible." }, { "id": "report-asean-genai-governance-2026-06-05", "title": "ASEAN Generative AI Governance Research Brief", "publisher": "Asia AI Safety Atlas research brief", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "research_brief", "reliability_rating": "C", "summary_note": "Used for structured discovery and synthesis. Public claims should be backfilled with canonical primary sources where possible." }, { "id": "cac-generative-ai-measures-2023", "title": "Interim Measures for the Management of Generative AI Services", "title_original": "生成式人工智能服务管理暂行办法", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2023-07/13/c_1690898327029107.htm", "publisher": "Cyberspace Administration of China", "publication_date": "2023-07-13", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "regulation", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CAC text of the interim measures. The page shows CAC issued the measures with NDRC, Education, MOST, MIIT, MPS, and NRTA, with effect from 2023-08-15.", "translation_caveats": "安全评估 here is a formal internet-service security-assessment requirement, not a general frontier-model evaluation regime." }, { "id": "cac-deep-synthesis-provisions-2022", "title": "Provisions on the Administration of Internet Information Services Deep Synthesis", "title_original": "互联网信息服务深度合成管理规定", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-12/11/c_1672221949354811.htm", "publisher": "Cyberspace Administration of China", "publication_date": "2022-12-11", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "regulation", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CAC text of the deep-synthesis rules, jointly promulgated by CAC, MIIT, and MPS, with effect from 2023-01-10.", "translation_caveats": "深度合成 in this regulation mainly concerns synthetic-media and related internet information services." }, { "id": "cac-ai-content-labeling-measures-2025", "title": "Measures for Labeling AI-Generated and AI-Synthesized Content", "title_original": "人工智能生成合成内容标识办法", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2025-03/14/c_1743654684782215.htm", "publisher": "Cyberspace Administration of China", "publication_date": "2025-03-14", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "regulation", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CAC notice and full text of the labeling measures. The page shows CAC, MIIT, MPS, and NRTA jointly issued the document and specifies explicit and implicit labeling duties.", "translation_caveats": "标识 is best rendered as labeling or marking, not the broader English term provenance." }, { "id": "cac-national-ai-standardization-guide-2024", "title": "Notice on Issuing the National Artificial Intelligence Industry Comprehensive Standardization System Construction Guide 2024 Edition", "title_original": "四部门关于印发国家人工智能产业综合标准化体系建设指南（2024版）的通知", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2024-07/03/c_1721686809220407.htm", "publisher": "Cyberspace Administration of China", "publication_date": "2024-07-03", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CAC-hosted notice carrying the four-department guide. The linked document is dated 2024-06-05 and lays out national AI standards architecture including testing/evaluation and safety/governance branches.", "translation_caveats": "安全/治理 is deliberately dual-use here and includes both technical security and broader governance requirements." }, { "id": "tc260-homepage", "title": "National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee Homepage", "title_original": "全国网络安全标准化技术委员会", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/", "publisher": "National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official TC260 homepage showing current AI-related work items, including AI security working-group activity and AI application ethics guidance.", "translation_caveats": "网安标委 is commonly rendered as TC260, but the Chinese title is the authoritative formal name." }, { "id": "tc260-committee-roster-2024", "title": "Fourth Committee Roster of the National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee", "title_original": "全国网络安全标准化技术委员会第四届委员会委员名单", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20240403170100", "publisher": "National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee", "publication_date": "2024-04-03", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official TC260 roster page. The roster snippet shows the chair from the Central Cyberspace Affairs Commission Office and the secretary-general from CESI, which is useful for institutional positioning.", "translation_caveats": "The roster identifies officials and their home units; it does not itself define a full administrative subordination relation." }, { "id": "tc260-genai-service-security-requirements-2024", "title": "Cybersecurity Technology Basic Security Requirements for Generative AI Services", "title_original": "生成式人工智能服务安全基本要求", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/upload/2024-03-01/1709282398070082466.pdf", "publisher": "National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee", "publication_date": "2024-02-29", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "standard", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official TC260 technical document on baseline service-security requirements for generative AI, covering corpus security, model security, security measures, and assessment requirements.", "translation_caveats": "安全基本要求 should not be over-read as frontier-safety commitments; it is a baseline security/compliance standard." }, { "id": "tc260-content-labeling-practice-guide-2023", "title": "Cybersecurity Standards Practice Guide Method for Labeling Generated and Synthesized Content in Generative AI Services", "title_original": "网络安全标准实践指南——生成式人工智能服务内容标识方法", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/front/postDetail.html?id=20230825150058", "publisher": "National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee", "publication_date": "2023-08-25", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official TC260 practice-guide release on methods for labeling generated and synthesized content in generative AI services.", "translation_caveats": "实践指南 is guidance rather than a binding national standard." }, { "id": "tc260-ai-safety-governance-framework-2024", "title": "AI Safety Governance Framework", "title_original": "人工智能安全治理框架", "url": "https://www.tc260.org.cn/upload/2024-09-09/1725849142029046390.pdf", "publisher": "National Cybersecurity Standardization Technical Committee", "publication_date": "2024-09-09", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official TC260 framework document positioning AI safety governance around development-and-security balance, risk categorization, and lifecycle responsibilities.", "translation_caveats": "安全治理 in this title spans both security-type controls and higher-level governance arrangements." }, { "id": "tc28-sc42-samr-org-page", "title": "Organization Details for SAC TC28 SC42 AI Subcommittee", "title_original": "全国信息技术标准化技术委员会人工智能分技术委员会 机构详情", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/orgInfo?name=%E5%85%A8%E5%9B%BD%E4%BF%A1%E6%81%AF%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86%E5%8C%96%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E5%88%86%E6%8A%80%E6%9C%AF%E5%A7%94%E5%91%98%E4%BC%9A", "publisher": "Standardization Administration of China", "publication_date": "2020-08-04", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official standards-administration organization page for SAC/TC28/SC42. The snippet shows approval date and states that the secretariat unit is CESI.", "translation_caveats": "分技术委员会 is best rendered subcommittee or subtechnical committee." }, { "id": "tc28-sc42-cesi-page", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Subcommittee of the National Information Technology Standardization Technical Committee", "title_original": "全国信息技术标准化技术委员会人工智能分技术委员会", "url": "https://www.cesi.cn/202001/3974.html", "publisher": "China Electronics Standardization Institute", "publication_date": "2018-01-19", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CESI page for SAC/TC28/SC42. The snippet states the committee undertakes AI standardization work and that the secretariat is at CESI.", "translation_caveats": "The committee's formal national-standards identifier remains SAC/TC28/SC42." }, { "id": "caict-about-us", "title": "CAICT About Us", "title_original": "中国信通院-关于我们", "url": "https://www.caict.ac.cn/wygk/201804/t20180428_161074.htm", "publisher": "China Academy of Information and Communications Technology", "publication_date": "2018-04-28", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CAICT about page stating that CAICT is a MIIT-affiliated scientific research public institution.", "translation_caveats": "直属科研事业单位 is closer to directly affiliated public research institution than a corporate-style subsidiary." }, { "id": "caict-aiia-founding-news-2018", "title": "CAICT and Gartner Release the 2018 World AI Industry Development Blue Book", "title_original": "中国信通院联合Gartner发布《2018世界人工智能产业发展蓝皮书》", "url": "https://www.caict.ac.cn/xwdt/ynxw/201809/t20180918_185385.htm", "publisher": "China Academy of Information and Communications Technology", "publication_date": "2018-09-18", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CAICT news page noting that in 2017 CAICT, acting as secretary-general unit under guidance from multiple ministries, jointly initiated the China AI Industry Development Alliance.", "translation_caveats": "秘书长单位 indicates a secretariat or secretary-general role, not sole ownership." }, { "id": "caict-ai-risk-governance-report-2024", "title": "AI Risk Governance Report 2024", "title_original": "人工智能风险治理报告（2024年）", "url": "https://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/ztbg/202412/P020241225616766856414.pdf", "publisher": "China Academy of Information and Communications Technology", "publication_date": "2024-12-25", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CAICT report describing CAICT's use of AIIA to stand up a Safety Governance Committee and launch the AI Risk Management System, and noting the launch of the AI Safety Benchmark.", "translation_caveats": "风险治理 here mixes governance, risk management, and security-management concepts." }, { "id": "caict-ai-safety-governance-report-2025", "title": "AI Safety Governance Research Report 2025", "title_original": "人工智能安全治理研究报告（2025年）", "url": "https://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/bps/202601/P020260109784447548497.pdf", "publisher": "China Academy of Information and Communications Technology", "publication_date": "2026-01-09", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CAICT report tying AIIA to the AI Security Commitment, the China AI Safety Commitment Framework, and an expanded AI Safety Benchmark architecture.", "translation_caveats": "安全承诺 refers to industry self-regulatory commitments, not state regulation." }, { "id": "caict-fangsheng-benchmark-report-2024", "title": "Research Report on Large-Model Benchmarking System 2024", "title_original": "大模型基准测试体系研究报告（2024年）", "url": "https://www.caict.ac.cn/kxyj/qwfb/ztbg/202407/P020240711534708580017.pdf", "publisher": "China Academy of Information and Communications Technology", "publication_date": "2024-07-11", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "technical_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CAICT benchmarking report defining the Fangsheng large-model benchmark system, including a dedicated safety-capability testing dimension.", "translation_caveats": "基准测试体系 is a benchmarking system and methodology, not a certification scheme." }, { "id": "cesi-basic-info", "title": "CESI Basic Information", "title_original": "中国电子技术标准化研究院", "url": "https://www.cesi.cn/page/basicinfo.jsp?catalog=%2F001%2F001-001", "publisher": "China Electronics Standardization Institute", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CESI basic-information page stating that CESI is a MIIT-affiliated public institution and a national standards research body in electronics and information technology.", "translation_caveats": "The institute is known in Chinese by several names, including 电子标准院 and 电子四院." }, { "id": "cesi-general-large-model-evaluation-standard-2024", "title": "General Large-Model Evaluation Standard Officially Released", "title_original": "《通用大模型评测标准》正式发布", "url": "https://www.cesi.cn/202410/10589.html", "publisher": "China Electronics Standardization Institute", "publication_date": "2024-10-16", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CESI release for a general large-model evaluation standard, described as referencing the national-standard project on large-model evaluation indicators and methods.", "translation_caveats": "评测标准 here refers to an evaluation standard; it does not imply government licensing." }, { "id": "cesi-qiusuo-benchmark-2024", "title": "The First AI National-Standard Evaluation Benchmark System Qiúsuǒ Is Officially Released", "title_original": "首个人工智能国家标准评测基准体系--“求索”正式发布", "url": "https://www.cesi.cn/202411/10709.html", "publisher": "China Electronics Standardization Institute", "publication_date": "2024-11-26", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CESI release announcing the Qiúsuǒ benchmark system and naming evaluation tools such as AISBench and LMBench.", "translation_caveats": "求索 is a branded benchmark-system name; transliteration is preferable to forced translation." }, { "id": "cstc-homepage-ai-evaluation", "title": "China Software Testing Center Homepage", "title_original": "中国软件评测中心", "url": "https://www.cstc.org.cn/", "publisher": "China Software Testing Center", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CSTC homepage snippet showing service lines including AI evaluation and AIM AI management maturity assessment.", "translation_caveats": "评估 on the site covers assessment services, not necessarily formal certification." }, { "id": "cstc-ai-big-model-safety-workgroup-2024", "title": "AI Large-Model Safety Governance Seminar and AI Safety Working Group Launch Held Successfully", "title_original": "AI大模型安全治理研讨会暨AI安全工作组成立仪式顺利举办", "url": "https://www.cstc.org.cn/xwzx/sdsys.htm", "publisher": "China Software Testing Center", "publication_date": "2024-04-12", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CSTC Sadie Lab page listing an AI large-model safety-governance seminar and AI safety working-group launch among center activities.", "translation_caveats": "Because only snippet text was retrievable, details of the working group itself remain limited." }, { "id": "shlab-about-us", "title": "About Us Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory", "title_original": "关于我们- 上海人工智能实验室", "url": "https://www.shlab.org.cn/aboutus", "publisher": "Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official SHLAB about page describing SHLAB as a new-type AI research institution and stating the vision of building open, controllable, and trustworthy AGI.", "translation_caveats": "安全可信 in the vision statement is broad and should not automatically be read as frontier-safety specialization." }, { "id": "shlab-opencompass-2023", "title": "OpenCompass Launches Scientific Intelligence Evaluation System", "title_original": "全流程直击大模型科学能力短板，司南上线科学智能评测体系", "url": "https://www.shlab.org.cn/news/5444234", "publisher": "Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory", "publication_date": "2025-05-16", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official SHLAB news page stating that the OpenCompass evaluation system was built by SHLAB and had expanded into several domains including safety and trustworthiness.", "translation_caveats": "安全可信 here refers to a broader trustworthy and safe evaluation domain rather than only catastrophic-risk testing." }, { "id": "shlab-wg9-formation-2026", "title": "SHLAB Takes the Lead in Establishing the AI Security Standards Working Group and Holds Its First Meeting", "title_original": "上海人工智能实验室牵头筹建人工智能安全标准工作组并召开首次会议", "url": "https://www.shlab.org.cn/news/5444245", "publisher": "Shanghai Artificial Intelligence Laboratory", "publication_date": "2026-04-09", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official SHLAB article stating that, pursuant to a TC260 notice, AI Security Standards Working Group WG9 was formally formed and that SHLAB director Zhou Bowen serves as group head.", "translation_caveats": "牵头筹建 indicates SHLAB is leading the setup effort; it does not imply exclusive control over the working group." }, { "id": "shanghai-medical-llm-testing-center-2025", "title": "China's First Medical Large-Model Testing and Verification Platform Is Established", "title_original": "国内首个医疗大模型检测验证平台成立", "url": "https://www.shanghai.gov.cn/nw31406/20250110/ef5bfb691af64c1f861723a93d4fc203.html", "publisher": "Shanghai Municipal People's Government", "publication_date": "2025-01-06", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Shanghai government article stating that the Shanghai Medical Large-Model Application Testing and Verification Center is the first domestic platform for evaluating and verifying medical large-model applications and is led by SHLAB.", "translation_caveats": "检测验证 is closer to testing and verification than to regulatory approval." }, { "id": "shanghai-ai-safety-governance-lab-unveiling-2024", "title": "Shanghai AI Safety and Governance Laboratory Unveiled at WAIC 2024", "title_original": "上海人工智能安全治理实验室在2024世界人工智能大会暨人工智能全球治理高级别会议闭幕式上揭牌", "url": "https://www.jswx.gov.cn/csj/sh/202407/t20240708_111301.shtml", "publisher": "Jiangsu Cyberspace Administration reposting source from Cyberspace Shanghai", "publication_date": "2024-07-08", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Government-domain repost of a Cyberspace Shanghai item stating that SHLAB's governance research center and the Shanghai Information Security Testing and Certification Center jointly established the Shanghai AI Safety and Governance Laboratory.", "translation_caveats": "Because the retrievable page is a government repost rather than the original Shanghai page, the source is official but second-posted." }, { "id": "baai-about-us", "title": "BAAI About Us", "title_original": "BAAI智源研究院", "url": "https://www.baai.ac.cn/about-us", "publisher": "Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official BAAI about page stating that BAAI is a non-profit new-type R&D institution founded in November 2018.", "translation_caveats": "BAAI uses its own English brand; the Chinese formal name remains authoritative." }, { "id": "baai-ai-safety-ecosystem-page", "title": "BAAI Ecology Page AI Safety Section", "title_original": "智源学者", "url": "https://www.baai.ac.cn/zh-cn/ecology", "publisher": "Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official BAAI ecology page stating that in March 2024 BAAI initiated and hosted the Beijing AI Safety International Dialogue and that participants signed the Beijing AI Safety Consensus.", "translation_caveats": "The page is an institutional self-description and should not be read as a government endorsement document." }, { "id": "baai-flageval-system-page", "title": "FlagOpen System Page", "title_original": "面向异构芯片支持多种框架的大模型全栈开源技术基座", "url": "https://www.baai.ac.cn/zh-cn/system", "publisher": "Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official BAAI system page listing FlagEval as BAAI's open large-model evaluation platform within its FlagOpen stack.", "translation_caveats": "开放平台 means open platform; it does not by itself imply independent certification." }, { "id": "beijing-ai-safety-lab-launch-2024", "title": "Beijing AI Safety and Governance Laboratory Is Unveiled", "title_original": "北京人工智能安全与治理实验室揭牌成立", "url": "https://beijing-aisi.ac.cn/articles/beijing-institute-of-ai-safety-and-governance-launch-announcement", "publisher": "Beijing Institute of AI Safety and Governance", "publication_date": "2024-09-03", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official launch announcement stating that the Beijing AI Safety and Governance Laboratory was unveiled on 2024-09-03 as a new-type R&D institution for AI safety development and governance.", "translation_caveats": "The site later uses institute-level naming; this announcement is for the earlier lab-stage entity." }, { "id": "beijing-ai-safety-institute-official-launch-2025", "title": "Beijing Institute of AI Safety and Governance Is Officially Established", "title_original": "北京前瞻人工智能安全与治理研究院正式成立", "url": "https://beijing-aisi.ac.cn/articles/beijing-institute-of-ai-safety-and-governance-official-launch", "publisher": "Beijing Institute of AI Safety and Governance", "publication_date": "2025-04", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official institute announcement stating that the Beijing Institute of AI Safety and Governance was formally established in April 2025 and that the earlier lab served as the preparatory-stage vehicle.", "translation_caveats": "前瞻 in the institute's Chinese name signals forward-looking orientation; there is no perfect fixed English rendering." }, { "id": "cnaisda-tsinghua-paris-side-event-2025", "title": "Side Event on AI Technology and Its Applications Held in Paris", "title_original": "“人工智能技术及其应用进展”专题边会在巴黎举行", "url": "https://www.tsinghua.edu.cn/info/1182/116911.htm", "publisher": "Tsinghua University", "publication_date": "2025-02-14", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Tsinghua article stating that CnAISDA member units include Tsinghua, Peking University, CAS, CAICT, CCID, BAAI, SHLAB, and SQZ.", "translation_caveats": "The network is rendered in English in multiple ways; the Chinese name should be treated as the canonical field for entity matching." }, { "id": "cnaisda-shanghai-qizhi-side-event-2025", "title": "CnAISDA Successfully Holds a Thematic Side Event During the Paris AI Action Summit", "title_original": "中国人工智能发展与安全研究网络在巴黎人工智能行动峰会期间成功举办专题边会", "url": "https://www.sqz.ac.cn/news-90", "publisher": "Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute", "publication_date": "2025-02-18", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official SQZ article stating that CnAISDA is meant to correspond to an AI safety institute and represent the Chinese side in dialogue and cooperation with AI safety research institutions in other countries.", "translation_caveats": "对应“人工智能安全研究所” is closer to corresponding to an AI safety institute than to being a domestically equivalent regulator." }, { "id": "miit-tc1-homepage", "title": "MIIT Artificial Intelligence Standardization Technical Committee Homepage", "title_original": "工业和信息化部人工智能标准化技术委员会", "url": "https://miittc1.caict.ac.cn/", "publisher": "AI Standardization Technical Committee of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official MIIT/TC1 homepage showing working groups, standards-release functions, and CAICT contact information in the site footer.", "translation_caveats": "This is a ministry technical committee site, not a national-standards subcommittee under SAC." }, { "id": "beijing-ai-safety-institute-departments", "title": "Departments of the Beijing Institute of AI Safety and Governance", "title_original": "机构设置 - 北京前瞻人工智能安全与治理研究院", "url": "https://beijing-aisi.ac.cn/departments", "publisher": "Beijing Institute of AI Safety and Governance", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official departments page listing an AI Safety Research Center covering internal safety, external security, guardrails, and risk response, plus an AI Ethics Research Center.", "translation_caveats": "The page explicitly distinguishes AI Safety and AI Security, which should not be collapsed in translation." }, { "id": "jpn-aisi-about-page", "title": "About Japan AISI", "title_original": "AISIについて", "url": "https://aisi.go.jp/about/", "publisher": "Japan AI Safety Institute", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Japanese", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Core page on mandate, launch, IPA placement, and work scope.", "translation_caveats": "Official Japanese page; read key claims from Japanese text." }, { "id": "jpn-cabinet-office-aisi-liaison-setup", "title": "Establishment Rules for the AISI Related Ministries and Agencies Liaison Meeting", "title_original": "AIセーフティ・インスティテュート関係府省庁等連絡会議 設置要綱", "url": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/ai/aisi/2kai/sankou1.pdf", "publisher": "Cabinet Office of Japan", "publication_date": "2024-02-29", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Japanese", "source_type": "official_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Cabinet Office document creating the inter-ministerial AISI liaison and listing members.", "translation_caveats": "Official Japanese PDF." }, { "id": "jpn-integrated-innovation-strategy-2024", "title": "Integrated Innovation Strategy 2024", "title_original": "統合イノベーション戦略2024", "url": "https://www8.cao.go.jp/cstp/tougosenryaku/togo2024_zentai.pdf", "publisher": "Cabinet Office of Japan", "publication_date": "2024-06-04", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Japanese", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Cabinet-approved strategy stating that AISI was established in IPA as a central AI safety body.", "translation_caveats": "Official Japanese PDF; strategy text is high level." }, { "id": "jpn-aisi-activity-paper-2025-03", "title": "AISI FY2024 Activities and Planned Next Steps", "title_original": "資料２_AISIの今年度の取り組み状況と今後の取り組み予定", "url": "https://aisi.go.jp/assets/pdf/20250324_shiryo2.pdf", "publisher": "Japan AI Safety Institute", "publication_date": "2025-03-24", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Japanese", "source_type": "official_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Activity paper covering international network work and testing-and-evaluation track leadership with Singapore.", "translation_caveats": "Official Japanese PDF; presentation shorthand." }, { "id": "jpn-aisi-eval-tool-oss-post", "title": "AI Safety Evaluation Tool Released as Open Source Software", "title_original": "AIセーフティ評価のための評価ツールをOSSとして公開", "url": "https://aisi.go.jp/output/output_information/250912/", "publisher": "Japan AI Safety Institute", "publication_date": "2025-09-12", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Japanese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official post on the OSS AI safety evaluation tool and evaluation environment.", "translation_caveats": "Japanese page includes short English summary text." }, { "id": "jpn-aisi-eval-env-taskforce-report-post", "title": "Release of the AI Safety Evaluation Environment Task Force Study Report", "title_original": "「AIセーフティ評価環境 検討タスクフォース」の「検討報告書（2025年度版）」の公開", "url": "https://aisi.go.jp/output/output_information/260415_2/", "publisher": "Japan AI Safety Institute", "publication_date": "2026-04-15", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Japanese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official post stating that AISI and multiple companies jointly organised the task force.", "translation_caveats": "Official Japanese post." }, { "id": "kor-aisi-vision-mission", "title": "Vision and Mission of Korea AISI", "title_original": "비전/미션", "url": "https://www.aisi.re.kr/kor/contents/19", "publisher": "Korea AI Safety Institute", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Korean", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Core Korea AISI page on mission, risk response, evaluation, research, and cooperation.", "translation_caveats": "Official Korean page." }, { "id": "kor-aisi-evaluation-page", "title": "AI Safety Evaluation Work of Korea AISI", "title_original": "AI안전평가", "url": "https://www.aisi.re.kr/kor/contents/9", "publisher": "Korea AI Safety Institute", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Korean", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official work page on risk definition, framework development, evaluation, and infrastructure.", "translation_caveats": "Official Korean page; risk examples are illustrative." }, { "id": "kor-msit-launch-release", "title": "\"AI Safety Institute\" Launched Following the AI Seoul Summit in May", "title_original": "\"AI Safety Institute\" Launched Following the AI Seoul Summit in May", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/eng/bbs/view.do?bbsSeqNo=42&mId=4&nttSeqNo=1058", "publisher": "Ministry of Science and ICT", "publication_date": "2024-11-27", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "MSIT launch release on Korea AISI, its non-regulatory role, INASI membership, and consortium formation." }, { "id": "kor-etri-aisi-page", "title": "AI Safety Institute at ETRI", "title_original": "인공지능안전연구소", "url": "https://www.etri.re.kr/kor/sub6/sub6_0101.etri?departCode=187", "publisher": "Electronics and Telecommunications Research Institute", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Korean", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "ETRI page presenting Korea AISI within ETRI’s structure and summarising its functions.", "translation_caveats": "Official Korean institutional page." }, { "id": "kor-msit-tta-nist-crosswalk-release", "title": "High Level of Interoperability between Korea-US AI Frameworks Confirmed", "title_original": "High Level of Interoperability between Korea-US AI Frameworks Confirmed", "url": "https://www.msit.go.kr/eng/bbs/view.do?bbsSeqNo=42&mId=4&mPid=2&nttSeqNo=1073&pageIndex=1&sCode=eng", "publisher": "Ministry of Science and ICT", "publication_date": "2025-05-26", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "MSIT release on TTA’s guide, crosswalk with NIST AI RMF, and associated standard/certification work." }, { "id": "kor-aisi-consortium-meeting-post", "title": "AI Safety Consortium Meeting Held", "title_original": "AI안전컨소시엄 회의 개최", "url": "https://www.aisi.re.kr/kor/article/ATCL75b4fb0a5/63", "publisher": "Korea AI Safety Institute", "publication_date": "2025-04-22", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "Korean", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Official post on the consortium’s purpose, subgroups, and joint-testing discussion.", "translation_caveats": "Official Korean news-style post." }, { "id": "sg-aisi-about-page", "title": "About the Singapore AI Safety Institute", "title_original": "About Us", "url": "https://www.sgaisi.sg/about-us/", "publisher": "Singapore AI Safety Institute", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Core page on DTC as designated AISI and IMDA’s government role." }, { "id": "sg-aisi-work-page", "title": "Our Work at the Singapore AI Safety Institute", "title_original": "Our Work", "url": "https://www.sgaisi.sg/our-works/", "publisher": "Singapore AI Safety Institute", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official page on policy, tools, testing, research, and INASI testing-track leadership." }, { "id": "sg-aisi-resources-page", "title": "Singapore AISI Resource Library", "title_original": "Resources", "url": "https://www.sgaisi.sg/resources/", "publisher": "Singapore AI Safety Institute", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Resource page listing Singapore-Korea and Singapore-Japan-UK joint-testing outputs." }, { "id": "sg-dtc-home-page", "title": "Digital Trust Centre Home", "title_original": "Digital Trust Centre (DTC)", "url": "https://www.ntu.edu.sg/dtc", "publisher": "Nanyang Technological University", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "NTU page stating that DTC houses the Singapore AISI and describing DTC funding." }, { "id": "sg-ai-verify-foundation-about", "title": "About the AI Verify Foundation", "title_original": "AI Verify Foundation", "url": "https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/ai-verify-foundation/", "publisher": "AI Verify Foundation", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official foundation page stating that AIVF is a wholly owned subsidiary of IMDA." }, { "id": "sg-ai-verify-testing-framework-page", "title": "AI Verify Testing Framework", "title_original": "AI Verify Testing Framework", "url": "https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/what-is-ai-verify/", "publisher": "AI Verify Foundation", "publication_date": "2025-05-29", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official framework page on the 11 principles and international crosswalks." }, { "id": "sg-project-moonshot-page", "title": "Project Moonshot", "title_original": "Project Moonshot", "url": "https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/project-moonshot/", "publisher": "AI Verify Foundation", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "technical_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official page on the open-source LLM evaluation toolkit." }, { "id": "sg-global-ai-assurance-sandbox-page", "title": "Global AI Assurance Sandbox", "title_original": "Global AI Assurance Sandbox", "url": "https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/ai-assurance/", "publisher": "AI Verify Foundation", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official page on the IMDA–AIVF sandbox for GenAI application testing." }, { "id": "sg-ai-tester-accreditation-page", "title": "AI Tester Accreditation Programme", "title_original": "AI Tester Accreditation Programme", "url": "https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/tester-accreditation/", "publisher": "AI Verify Foundation", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official page on AI TAP for third-party technical testing firms." }, { "id": "sg-imda-llm-starter-kit", "title": "Starter Kit for Testing LLM-Based Applications for Safety and Reliability", "title_original": "Starter Kit for Testing LLM-Based Applications for Safety and Reliability", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/about/emerging-tech-and-research/artificial-intelligence/large-language-model-starter-kit.pdf", "publisher": "Infocomm Media Development Authority", "publication_date": "2025", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "English", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "IMDA guidance on baseline LLM app testing, linked to Moonshot and AIVF." }, { "id": "gov-uk-bletchley-declaration-2023", "title": "AI Safety Summit 2023: The Bletchley Declaration", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/ai-safety-summit-2023-the-bletchley-declaration", "publisher": "GOV.UK", "publication_date": "2023-11-01", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official UK publication for the Bletchley Declaration and summit outcome." }, { "id": "gov-uk-ai-seoul-summit-2024", "title": "AI Seoul Summit 2024", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/topical-events/ai-seoul-summit-2024", "publisher": "GOV.UK", "publication_date": "2024-05", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official UK topical page stating UK-ROK co-hosting and locating Seoul in the Bletchley summit sequence." }, { "id": "industry-au-seoul-declaration-2024", "title": "The Seoul Declaration by countries attending the AI Seoul Summit, 21-22 May 2024", "url": "https://www.industry.gov.au/publications/seoul-declaration-countries-attending-ai-seoul-summit-21-22-may-2024", "publisher": "Department of Industry, Science and Resources, Australian Government", "publication_date": "2024-05-24", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official republication of the Seoul Declaration and annexes." }, { "id": "elysee-ai-action-summit-overview-2025", "title": "Sommet pour l’action sur l’Intelligence Artificielle", "title_original": "Sommet pour l’action sur l’Intelligence Artificielle", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/sommet-pour-l-action-sur-l-ia", "publisher": "Élysée", "publication_date": "2025-02", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "fr", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official summit overview page for the Paris AI Action Summit week.", "translation_caveats": "French-language source." }, { "id": "elysee-ai-action-summit-declaration-2025", "title": "Déclaration sur une intelligence artificielle inclusive et durable pour les peuples et la planète", "title_original": "Déclaration sur une intelligence artificielle inclusive et durable pour les peuples et la planète", "url": "https://www.elysee.fr/emmanuel-macron/2025/02/11/declaration-sur-une-intelligence-artificielle-inclusive-et-durable-pour-les-peuples-et-la-planete", "publisher": "Élysée", "publication_date": "2025-02-11", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "fr", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Paris declaration with signatory list and governance language.", "translation_caveats": "French-language source." }, { "id": "reuters-china-vice-premier-paris-ai-summit-2025", "title": "Chinese vice premier set to attend Paris AI summit", "url": "https://www.reuters.com/technology/artificial-intelligence/chinese-vice-premier-set-attend-paris-ai-summit-2025-02-07/", "publisher": "Reuters", "publication_date": "2025-02-07", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "news", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Used only to anchor public reporting of Zhang Guoqing's attendance where direct Chinese official retrieval was incomplete." }, { "id": "brookings-ai-glossary-2024", "title": "Glossary and conceptual note from the sixth U.S.-China AI and International Security Dialogue", "url": "https://www.brookings.edu/articles/glossary-of-artificial-intelligence-terms/", "publisher": "Brookings Institution", "publication_date": "2024-06", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "research_brief", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Brookings-side public output retained from the prior PR2C draft; exact page path should be reattached in the repo.", "translation_caveats": "Exact page title and path need reattachment from the original draft." }, { "id": "ciss-china-eu-ai-security-dialogue-round-2-2024", "title": "Second China-EU AI and International Security Dialogue", "title_original": "第二轮中欧人工智能与国际安全对话", "url": "https://ciss.tsinghua.edu.cn/info/subemail_zxhd/7182", "publisher": "Center for International Security and Strategy, Tsinghua University", "publication_date": "2024-05-13", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CISS source retained from the prior PR2C draft for round two of the China-EU dialogue.", "translation_caveats": "Exact page path should be reattached from the original draft." }, { "id": "ciss-china-eu-ai-security-dialogue-round-5-2026", "title": "Fifth China-EU AI and International Security Dialogue", "title_original": "第五轮中欧人工智能与国际安全对话", "url": "https://ciss.tsinghua.edu.cn/info/wzjx/8991", "publisher": "Center for International Security and Strategy, Tsinghua University", "publication_date": "2026-02-10", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CISS source retained from the prior PR2C draft for round five in Munich.", "translation_caveats": "Exact page path should be reattached from the original draft." }, { "id": "farai-idais-page", "title": "International Dialogues on AI Safety", "url": "https://idais.ai/", "publisher": "FAR.AI", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Official FAR.AI page for IDAIS as a recurring dialogue series; exact path should be reattached in the repo." }, { "id": "deepseek-transparency-center", "title": "DeepSeek Transparency Center", "title_original": "透明度中心", "url": "https://www.deepseek.com/transparency/", "publisher": "DeepSeek", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official DeepSeek transparency page.", "translation_caveats": "Supports a public disclosure channel, not any specific safety commitment." }, { "id": "deepseek-v3-github", "title": "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3", "title_original": "deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3", "url": "https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3", "publisher": "DeepSeek GitHub", "publication_date": "2024-12", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "technical_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official DeepSeek-V3 repository." }, { "id": "deepseek-v3-license", "title": "LICENSE-MODEL", "title_original": "LICENSE-MODEL", "url": "https://github.com/deepseek-ai/DeepSeek-V3/blob/main/LICENSE-MODEL", "publisher": "DeepSeek GitHub", "publication_date": "2024-12", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "DeepSeek-V3 model license." }, { "id": "qwen3-github-readme", "title": "QwenLM/Qwen3", "title_original": "QwenLM/Qwen3", "url": "https://github.com/QwenLM/Qwen3", "publisher": "Qwen GitHub", "publication_date": "2025-04", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "technical_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Qwen3 repository." }, { "id": "qwen3-model-card", "title": "Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507", "title_original": "Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507", "url": "https://huggingface.co/Qwen/Qwen3-235B-A22B-Instruct-2507", "publisher": "Hugging Face Qwen", "publication_date": "2025-07", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "technical_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Qwen3 model card.", "translation_caveats": "Supports existence of an official model card; not broader safety practice." }, { "id": "zhipu-privacy-policy", "title": "Privacy Policy", "title_original": "隐私政策", "url": "https://docs.bigmodel.cn/cn/terms/privacy-policy", "publisher": "Zhipu BigModel Docs", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "BigModel platform privacy policy." }, { "id": "zhipu-api-overview", "title": "Usage Overview", "title_original": "使用概述", "url": "https://docs.bigmodel.cn/cn/api/introduction", "publisher": "Zhipu BigModel Docs", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "BigModel API overview." }, { "id": "zhipu-content-safety", "title": "Content Safety", "title_original": "内容安全", "url": "https://docs.bigmodel.cn/cn/guide/platform/securityaudit", "publisher": "Zhipu BigModel Docs", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "BigModel content-safety guide.", "translation_caveats": "Platform moderation/service controls; not frontier-risk governance." }, { "id": "zhipu-model-evaluation", "title": "Model Evaluation", "title_original": "模型评测", "url": "https://docs.bigmodel.cn/cn/guide/tools/evaluation", "publisher": "Zhipu BigModel Docs", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "BigModel evaluation guide." }, { "id": "zhipu-glm-4-5-overview", "title": "GLM-4.5", "title_original": "GLM-4.5", "url": "https://docs.bigmodel.cn/cn/guide/models/text/glm-4.5", "publisher": "Zhipu BigModel Docs", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official GLM-4.5 page." }, { "id": "baidu-qianfan-overview", "title": "Baidu Qianfan Large-Model Service and Agent Development Platform", "title_original": "百度千帆·大模型服务及Agent开发平台", "url": "https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan/index.html", "publisher": "Baidu Cloud", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Qianfan overview." }, { "id": "baidu-qianfan-user-agreement", "title": "Baidu Qianfan Large-Model Service and Agent Development Platform User Agreement", "title_original": "百度千帆大模型服务及Agent开发平台用户协议", "url": "https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan/s/Cmh4stmpy", "publisher": "Baidu Cloud", "publication_date": "2026-01-08", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Qianfan user agreement." }, { "id": "baidu-qianfan-intervention-strategy", "title": "Intervention Strategy", "title_original": "干预策略", "url": "https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan-docs/s/Iml9exr7d", "publisher": "Baidu Cloud", "publication_date": "2026-02-09", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Qianfan intervention guide." }, { "id": "baidu-qianfan-api-general", "title": "General Description", "title_original": "通用说明", "url": "https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan-api/s/3m9b5lqft", "publisher": "Baidu Cloud", "publication_date": "2025-04-18", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Qianfan API general guide." }, { "id": "baidu-qianfan-content-marking", "title": "Generated Content Marking Instructions", "title_original": "生成内容标识说明", "url": "https://cloud.baidu.com/doc/qianfan-docs/s/Xmf552dlk", "publisher": "Baidu Cloud", "publication_date": "2025-09-06", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Qianfan content-marking guide.", "translation_caveats": "Content-provenance compliance, not frontier-safety." }, { "id": "tencent-hunyuan-product-overview", "title": "Tencent Hunyuan Product Overview", "title_original": "腾讯混元大模型 产品概述", "url": "https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/1729/104753", "publisher": "Tencent Cloud", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Hunyuan overview." }, { "id": "tencent-hunyuan-product-dynamics", "title": "Tencent Hunyuan Product Updates", "title_original": "腾讯混元大模型 产品动态", "url": "https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/1729/97765", "publisher": "Tencent Cloud", "publication_date": "2026-04-27", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Hunyuan product updates." }, { "id": "tencent-hunyuan-api-key-management", "title": "API Key Management", "title_original": "API Key 管理", "url": "https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/1729/111008", "publisher": "Tencent Cloud", "publication_date": "2026-04-27", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Hunyuan API-key guide." }, { "id": "tencent-hunyuan-openai-compat", "title": "Hunyuan OpenAI-Compatible Interface Examples", "title_original": "混元 OpenAI 兼容接口相关调用示例", "url": "https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/1729/111007", "publisher": "Tencent Cloud", "publication_date": "2026-04-27", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Hunyuan OpenAI-compat docs." }, { "id": "tencent-hunyuan-image-faq", "title": "Hunyuan Image Generation FAQ", "title_original": "混元生图常见问题", "url": "https://cloud.tencent.com/document/product/1729/106036", "publisher": "Tencent Cloud", "publication_date": "2026-04-27", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Hunyuan image FAQ.", "translation_caveats": "Image-service moderation and labeling controls." }, { "id": "volcengine-ark-overview", "title": "Ark", "title_original": "火山方舟", "url": "https://www.volcengine.com/docs/82379", "publisher": "Volcengine", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Ark overview." }, { "id": "volcengine-ark-special-terms", "title": "Volcengine Ark Large-Model Service Platform Special Terms", "title_original": "火山方舟大模型服务平台专用条款", "url": "https://www.volcengine.com/docs/82379/1104498?lang=zh", "publisher": "Volcengine", "publication_date": "2026-04-17", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ark special terms page.", "translation_caveats": "General platform security language; no external audit identified." }, { "id": "volcengine-doubao-model-service-agreement", "title": "Doubao Model Service Agreement", "title_original": "豆包模型服务协议", "url": "https://www.volcengine.com/docs/82379/1142195?lang=zh", "publisher": "Volcengine", "publication_date": "2026-03-31", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Doubao service agreement." }, { "id": "volcengine-api-key-config", "title": "Get API Key and Configure", "title_original": "获取 API Key 并配置", "url": "https://www.volcengine.com/docs/82379/1541594?lang=zh", "publisher": "Volcengine", "publication_date": "2026-04-27", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ark API-key setup guide." }, { "id": "volcengine-model-evaluation", "title": "Create Model Evaluation Task", "title_original": "创建模型评测任务", "url": "https://www.volcengine.com/docs/82379/1150782?lang=zh", "publisher": "Volcengine", "publication_date": "2025-06-13", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Ark model-evaluation guide." }, { "id": "stepfun-privacy-policy", "title": "Privacy Policy", "title_original": "隐私政策", "url": "https://platform.stepfun.com/legal/privacy-policy.html", "publisher": "StepFun Open Platform", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "StepFun privacy policy." }, { "id": "stepfun-open-platform-home", "title": "StepFun Open Platform", "title_original": "阶跃星辰开放平台", "url": "https://platform.stepfun.com/", "publisher": "StepFun", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "StepFun platform homepage." }, { "id": "stepfun-user-agreement", "title": "StepFun Open Platform User Agreement", "title_original": "StepFun 开放平台用户协议", "url": "https://platform.stepfun.com/legal/user-agreement.html", "publisher": "StepFun", "publication_date": "2026-04-08", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "StepFun user agreement." }, { "id": "stepfun-openai-migration", "title": "Migrate from OpenAI to StepFun", "title_original": "从OpenAI 迁移至阶跃星辰", "url": "https://platform.stepfun.com/docs/zh/guides/developer/openai", "publisher": "StepFun Open Platform Docs", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "StepFun OpenAI-migration guide." }, { "id": "step-plan-reasoning-api", "title": "Reasoning Model Access", "title_original": "推理模型接入", "url": "https://platform.stepfun.com/docs/zh/step-plan/integrations/reasoning-api", "publisher": "StepFun Open Platform Docs", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Step Plan reasoning guide." }, { "id": "kimi-api-platform-home", "title": "Kimi API Open Platform", "title_original": "Kimi API 开放平台", "url": "https://platform.moonshot.cn/", "publisher": "Moonshot AI", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Kimi API platform homepage." }, { "id": "kimi-privacy-policy", "title": "Kimi Open Platform Privacy Policy", "title_original": "Kimi 开放平台隐私政策", "url": "https://platform.kimi.com/docs/agreement/userprivacy", "publisher": "Moonshot AI", "publication_date": "2025-04-28", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Kimi privacy policy." }, { "id": "kimi-service-agreement", "title": "Kimi Open Platform Service Agreement", "title_original": "Kimi 开放平台服务协议", "url": "https://platform.kimi.com/docs/agreement/modeluse", "publisher": "Moonshot AI", "publication_date": "2025-04-28", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Kimi service agreement." }, { "id": "kimi-k2-instruct-model-card", "title": "moonshotai/Kimi-K2-Instruct", "title_original": "moonshotai/Kimi-K2-Instruct", "url": "https://huggingface.co/moonshotai/Kimi-K2-Instruct", "publisher": "Hugging Face Moonshot AI", "publication_date": "2026-01", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "technical_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Kimi K2 model card." }, { "id": "minimax-about", "title": "About MiniMax", "title_original": "关于 MiniMax", "url": "https://www.minimaxi.com/about", "publisher": "MiniMax", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "MiniMax about page." }, { "id": "minimax-api-prerequisites", "title": "Prerequisites", "title_original": "Prerequisites", "url": "https://platform.minimax.io/docs/guides/quickstart-preparation", "publisher": "MiniMax API Docs", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "MiniMax API quickstart prerequisites." }, { "id": "minimax-api-key-faq", "title": "About APIs", "title_original": "About APIs", "url": "https://platform.minimax.io/docs/faq/about-apis", "publisher": "MiniMax API Docs", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "MiniMax API-key FAQ." }, { "id": "minimax-api-privacy-policy", "title": "MiniMax API Privacy Policy", "title_original": "MiniMax API Privacy Policy", "url": "https://intl.minimaxi.com/protocol/privacy-policy", "publisher": "MiniMax", "publication_date": "2026-03-30", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "MiniMax API privacy policy." }, { "id": "minimax-m3-model-page", "title": "MiniMax M3", "title_original": "MiniMax M3 - 前沿Coding 能力，1M 上下文，原生多模态", "url": "https://www.minimaxi.com/models/text/m3", "publisher": "MiniMax", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official MiniMax M3 page.", "translation_caveats": "Benchmark/capability claims are company-disclosed, not independent validation." }, { "id": "minimax-content-labeling-announcement", "title": "Announcement on Thoroughly Implementing the Measures for Labeling AI-Generated and Synthesized Content", "title_original": "关于深入落实《人工智能生成合成内容标识办法》的公告", "url": "https://www.minimaxi.com/news/%E5%85%B3%E4%BA%8E%E6%B7%B1%E5%85%A5%E8%90%BD%E5%AE%9E%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E7%94%9F%E6%88%90%E5%90%88%E6%88%90%E5%86%85%E5%AE%B9%E6%A0%87%E8%AF%86%E5%8A%9E%E6%B3%95%E7%9A%84%E5%85%AC%E5%91%8A", "publisher": "MiniMax", "publication_date": "2025-08-30", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "MiniMax AI-labeling announcement." }, { "id": "yi-1-5-github", "title": "01-ai/Yi-1.5", "title_original": "01-ai/Yi-1.5", "url": "https://github.com/01-ai/Yi-1.5", "publisher": "01.AI GitHub", "publication_date": "2024-05-13", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "technical_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Yi-1.5 repository." }, { "id": "yi-1-5-34b-chat-model-card", "title": "01-ai/Yi-1.5-34B-Chat", "title_original": "01-ai/Yi-1.5-34B-Chat", "url": "https://huggingface.co/01-ai/Yi-1.5-34B-Chat", "publisher": "Hugging Face 01.AI", "publication_date": "2024-05", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "technical_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Yi-1.5 model card." }, { "id": "yi-license", "title": "01-ai/Yi-34B", "title_original": "01-ai/Yi-34B", "url": "https://huggingface.co/01-ai/Yi-34B", "publisher": "Hugging Face 01.AI", "publication_date": "2023-11", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "policy_document", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Yi license page." }, { "id": "asean-guide-ai-governance-ethics-2024", "title": "ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2024/02/ASEAN-Guide-on-AI-Governance-and-Ethics.pdf", "publisher": "ASEAN", "publication_date": "2024-02", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official ASEAN regional guide on AI governance and ethics. The official summary states that the document is non-binding and voluntary." }, { "id": "expanded-asean-guide-genai-2025", "title": "Expanded ASEAN Guide on AI Governance and Ethics – Generative AI", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/Expanded-ASEAN-Guide-on-AI-Governance-and-Ethics-Generative-AI.pdf", "publisher": "ASEAN", "publication_date": "2025-01", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official ASEAN expansion of the regional AI guide focused on generative AI. Includes policy recommendations and illustrative use cases rather than binding requirements." }, { "id": "bangkok-digital-declaration-2025", "title": "Bangkok Digital Declaration", "url": "https://asean.org/wp-content/uploads/2025/01/14-ENDORSED-BANGKOK-DIGITAL-DECLARATION.pdf", "publisher": "ASEAN", "publication_date": "2025-01", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official ASEAN declaration adopted by digital ministers. Includes commitments on AI governance, the ASEAN Working Group on AI Governance, and expanded responsibilities around AI policy, safety, laws, regulations, and standards." }, { "id": "malaysia-champions-asean-ai-safe-2025", "title": "Malaysia Champions the ASEAN AI Safety Network to Advance AI Safety in Southeast Asia", "url": "https://www.mydigital.gov.my/malaysia-champions-the-asean-ai-safety-network-to-advance-ai-safety-in-southeast-asia/", "publisher": "MyDIGITAL Corporation", "publication_date": "2025-10-28", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Malaysian announcement stating that the declaration on the establishment of ASEAN AI Safe was adopted at the 47th ASEAN Leaders’ Summit and framing it as a regional network initiative." }, { "id": "singapore-national-ai-strategy-page-2026", "title": "National AI Strategy", "url": "https://www.smartnation.gov.sg/initiatives/national-ai-strategy/", "publisher": "Smart Nation Singapore", "publication_date": "2026-05", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Smart Nation page for Singapore national AI strategy; imported without the fact-check-held search-snippet claim about the National AI Council." }, { "id": "imda-ai-verify-launch-2022", "title": "Singapore Launches A.I. Verify", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2022/sg-launches-worlds-first-ai-testing-framework-and-toolkit-to-promote-transparency", "publisher": "Infocomm Media Development Authority", "publication_date": "2022-05-27", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official IMDA press release on the launch of A.I. Verify as a testing framework and toolkit." }, { "id": "ai-verify-foundation-home-2026", "title": "AI Verify Foundation - Building Trustworthy AI", "url": "https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/", "publisher": "AI Verify Foundation", "publication_date": "2026-05", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official AI Verify Foundation home page listing the Foundation’s tools and programmes, including Project Moonshot, the Global AI Assurance Sandbox, and the AI Tester Accreditation Programme." }, { "id": "global-ai-assurance-sandbox-main-report-2025", "title": "Testing Real World GenAI Systems", "url": "https://assurance.aiverifyfoundation.sg/report/executive-summary/", "publisher": "AI Verify Foundation", "publication_date": "2025", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "technical_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Global AI Assurance Sandbox main report and executive summary focused on practical testing of real-world GenAI applications." }, { "id": "singapore-ai-safety-red-teaming-challenge-page-2025", "title": "Singapore AI Safety Red Teaming Challenge", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/activities/activities-catalogue/singapore-ai-safety-red-teaming-challenge", "publisher": "Infocomm Media Development Authority", "publication_date": "2025-02-13", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official IMDA event page for the Singapore AI Safety Red Teaming Challenge with dates, participating countries, model-testing scope, and outputs." }, { "id": "sac-iso-42001-accreditation-programme-2025", "title": "Launch of ISO IEC 42001 Artificial Intelligence Management Systems Accreditation Programme", "url": "https://www.sac-accreditation.gov.sg/launch-of-iso-iec-42001-artificial-intelligence-management-systems-accreditation-programme/", "publisher": "Singapore Accreditation Council", "publication_date": "2025-02-17", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official SAC announcement launching the ISO/IEC 42001 AI management systems accreditation programme in Singapore." }, { "id": "singapore-global-ai-testing-standardisation-2026", "title": "Singapore Champions New Global AI Testing Standardisation Efforts", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/resources/press-releases-factsheets-and-speeches/press-releases/2026/singapore-champions-new-global-ai-testing-standardisation-efforts", "publisher": "Infocomm Media Development Authority", "publication_date": "2026-04-20", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official IMDA press release on Singapore’s benchmarking and red-teaming standardisation work." }, { "id": "malaysia-ai-roadmap-2021-2025-page", "title": "Artificial Intelligence Roadmap 2021-2025", "title_original": "Pelan Hala Tuju Kecerdasan Buatan 2021-2025", "url": "https://mastic.mosti.gov.my/publication/artificial-intelligence-roadmap-2021-2025/", "publisher": "MASTIC, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation", "publication_date": "2023-12-01", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official MASTIC publication page for Malaysia’s National AI Roadmap 2021–2025." }, { "id": "malaysia-national-ai-guidelines-page", "title": "The National Guidelines on AI Governance & Ethics", "url": "https://mastic.mosti.gov.my/publication/the-national-guidelines-on-ai-governance-ethics/", "publisher": "MASTIC, Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation", "publication_date": "2024-09-24", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official MASTIC publication page for Malaysia’s national AI governance and ethics guidelines." }, { "id": "malaysia-national-ai-guidelines-pdf", "title": "The National Guidelines on AI Governance & Ethics", "url": "https://mastic.mosti.gov.my/storage/2024/09/THE-NATIONAL-GUIDELINES-ON-AI-GOVERNANCE-ETHICS.pdf", "publisher": "Ministry of Science, Technology and Innovation", "publication_date": "2024-09", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official guideline text. It states that the guidelines are voluntary and were prepared to support implementation of the National AI Roadmap 2021–2025 and Responsible AI adoption under seven principles." }, { "id": "mydigital-naio-page", "title": "The National AI Office (NAIO)", "url": "https://www.mydigital.gov.my/initiatives/the-national-ai-office-naio/", "publisher": "MyDIGITAL Corporation", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official MyDIGITAL page describing NAIO, its launch date, and high-level mandate." }, { "id": "naio-home-working-groups-page", "title": "Home | Malaysia National AI Office (NAIO)", "url": "https://ai.gov.my/", "publisher": "National AI Office Malaysia", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official NAIO page stating that specialised working groups were established to drive Malaysia’s AI agenda." }, { "id": "mydigital-national-ai-action-plan-rfp-2025", "title": "Request for Proposal the Development of the National AI Action Plan 2026-2030", "url": "https://www.mydigital.gov.my/procurement-notice-request-for-proposal-rfp-the-development-of-the-national-ai-action-plan-2026-2030/", "publisher": "MyDIGITAL Corporation", "publication_date": "2025-02-14", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official procurement notice showing that, as of February 2025, Malaysia was still procuring a delivery partner to develop the National AI Action Plan 2026–2030." }, { "id": "jdn-public-sector-ai-guidelines-page", "title": "Guidelines for the Adoption of Artificial Intelligence in the Public Sector", "title_original": "Garis Panduan Pengadaptasian Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) Sektor Awam", "url": "https://www.jdn.gov.my/en/gpai-12-guidelines-for-the-adoption-of-artificial-intelligence-ai-in-the-public-sector/", "publisher": "Jabatan Digital Negara", "publication_date": "2025-02", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official JDN page for Malaysia’s public-sector AI adoption guidance.", "translation_caveats": "English page title is official; detailed content is mirrored in Malay materials." }, { "id": "gpaisa-self-assessment-tool", "title": "Garis Panduan Pengadaptasian Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) Sektor Awam", "title_original": "Garis Panduan Pengadaptasian Kecerdasan Buatan (AI) Sektor Awam", "url": "https://gpaisa.jdn.gov.my/", "publisher": "Jabatan Digital Negara", "publication_date": "2025", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "ms", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official self-assessment tool for Malaysia’s public-sector AI guidelines. It is framed as a self-assessment process aligned to seven AI ethics principles and impact mitigation.", "translation_caveats": "Malay-language source. Some nuance around assessment workflow should be checked in the original text." }, { "id": "etda-aigc-page", "title": "AIGC", "title_original": "ศูนย์ธรรมาภิบาลปัญญาประดิษฐ์", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/th/Our-Service/AIGC/index.aspx", "publisher": "Electronic Transactions Development Agency", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "th", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official ETDA page for the AI Governance Center. Describes missions in policy and governance, consultation, knowledge sharing, and networking.", "translation_caveats": "Thai-language source. 'Clinic' and advisory functions are described in organisational language rather than formal legal authority language." }, { "id": "thailand-ai-governance-guideline-executive-2023", "title": "Thailand’s AI Governance Guideline for Executive", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/getattachment/Our-Service/AIGC/Research-and-Recommendation/Thailand%E2%80%99s-AI-Governance-Guideline-for-Executive_2023.pdf.aspx?lang=th-TH", "publisher": "Electronic Transactions Development Agency", "publication_date": "2023", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official ETDA governance guideline for executives. Defines AI governance structure, strategy, operation, and toolkits such as readiness assessment and risk assessment." }, { "id": "digital-thailand-ai-ethics-guideline-2019", "title": "Digital Thailand - AI Ethics Guideline", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/getattachment/9d370f25-f37a-4b7c-b661-48d2d730651d/Digital-Thailand-AI-Ethics-Principle-and-Guideline.pdf.aspx?lang=th-TH", "publisher": "Electronic Transactions Development Agency", "publication_date": "2019", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "th", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Thai AI ethics guideline with principles such as legal and ethical compliance, transparency, accountability, and human-centred design.", "translation_caveats": "Thai-language source. Ethical principles are clear, but implementation implications should be read from the original Thai text." }, { "id": "etda-draft-ai-law-pr-2025", "title": "ครั้งแรกของไทย! “ดีอี – ETDA” เปิด (ร่าง) หลักการกฎหมาย AI เน้นคุมความเสี่ยงสูง ดันมาตรฐานใหม่ ใช้ AI ไม่ละเมิดสิทธิ – รับผิดชอบ!", "title_original": "ครั้งแรกของไทย! “ดีอี – ETDA” เปิด (ร่าง) หลักการกฎหมาย AI เน้นคุมความเสี่ยงสูง ดันมาตรฐานใหม่ ใช้ AI ไม่ละเมิดสิทธิ – รับผิดชอบ!", "url": "https://www.etda.or.th/th/pr-news/law_ai.aspx", "publisher": "Electronic Transactions Development Agency", "publication_date": "2025-06-11", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "th", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official ETDA press release on the first public hearing for draft AI law principles in Thailand, with emphasis on high-risk AI, rights, ethics, and accountability.", "translation_caveats": "Thai-language source. It documents consultation on draft principles, not final enacted law." }, { "id": "ai-thailand-national-strategy-2022-2027-page", "title": "AI Thailand | Thailand national AI strategy and action plan (2022–2027)", "title_original": "แผนปฏิบัติการด้านปัญญาประดิษฐ์แห่งชาติเพื่อการพัฒนาประเทศไทย", "url": "https://www.ai.in.th/en/about-ai-thailand/", "publisher": "AI Thailand / NECTEC", "publication_date": "2022-07-26", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official AI Thailand page stating that the national AI strategy and action plan was approved by Cabinet on 26 July 2022 and laying out five strategies including law, ethics, regulation, and sandboxes." }, { "id": "vietnam-ai-strategy-decision-127-2021", "title": "Quyết định số 127/QĐ-TTg của Thủ tướng Chính phủ: Ban hành Chiến lược quốc gia về nghiên cứu, phát triển và ứng dụng Trí tuệ nhân tạo đến năm 2030", "title_original": "Quyết định số 127/QĐ-TTg của Thủ tướng Chính phủ: Ban hành Chiến lược quốc gia về nghiên cứu, phát triển và ứng dụng Trí tuệ nhân tạo đến năm 2030", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/default.aspx?docid=202565&pageid=27160", "publisher": "Cổng thông tin văn bản Chính phủ", "publication_date": "2021-01-26", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "vi", "source_type": "regulation", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official government decision issuing Vietnam’s national AI strategy to 2030.", "translation_caveats": "Vietnamese legal source. Legal terms should be checked against the original text." }, { "id": "vietnam-draft-digital-technology-industry-law-page-2024", "title": "Giới thiệu về dự thảo Luật Công nghiệp công nghệ số", "title_original": "Giới thiệu về dự thảo Luật Công nghiệp công nghệ số", "url": "https://cspl.mic.gov.vn/Pages/TinTuc/138915/Gioi-thieu-ve-du-thao-Luat-Cong-nghiep-cong-nghe-so.html", "publisher": "Ministry of Information and Communications policy portal", "publication_date": "2024-11-08", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "vi", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official ministry policy page describing draft Digital Technology Industry Law provisions on AI concepts, principles, risk management, labeling, and stakeholder responsibilities.", "translation_caveats": "Vietnamese policy-explanation page. It describes a draft, not the final law text." }, { "id": "vietnam-ai-law-134-2025", "title": "Luật số 134/2025/QH15 của Quốc hội: Luật Trí tuệ nhân tạo", "title_original": "Luật số 134/2025/QH15 của Quốc hội: Luật Trí tuệ nhân tạo", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?classid=1&docid=216334&pageid=27160&typegroupid=3", "publisher": "Cổng thông tin văn bản Chính phủ", "publication_date": "2025-12-10", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "vi", "source_type": "regulation", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official government legal database entry for Vietnam’s AI Law, including enactment and effective dates.", "translation_caveats": "Vietnamese legal source. Detailed compliance obligations require reading the attached law text." }, { "id": "vietnam-ai-law-implementation-plan-367-2026", "title": "Quyết định số 367/QĐ-TTg của Thủ tướng Chính phủ: Ban hành Kế hoạch triển khai thi hành Luật Trí tuệ nhân tạo", "title_original": "Quyết định số 367/QĐ-TTg của Thủ tướng Chính phủ: Ban hành Kế hoạch triển khai thi hành Luật Trí tuệ nhân tạo", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?docid=217086&pageid=27160", "publisher": "Cổng thông tin văn bản Chính phủ", "publication_date": "2026-02-28", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "vi", "source_type": "regulation", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official government implementation plan for the AI Law.", "translation_caveats": "Vietnamese legal source." }, { "id": "vietnam-ai-law-decree-142-2026", "title": "Nghị định số 142/2026/NĐ-CP của Chính phủ: Quy định chi tiết một số điều và biện pháp thi hành Luật Trí tuệ nhân tạo", "title_original": "Nghị định số 142/2026/NĐ-CP của Chính phủ: Quy định chi tiết một số điều và biện pháp thi hành Luật Trí tuệ nhân tạo", "url": "https://vanban.chinhphu.vn/?docid=218029&pageid=27160", "publisher": "Cổng thông tin văn bản Chính phủ", "publication_date": "2026-04-30", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "vi", "source_type": "regulation", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official implementing decree for Vietnam’s AI Law, including effective date.", "translation_caveats": "Vietnamese legal source." }, { "id": "indonesia-ai-ethics-circular-2023", "title": "Surat Edaran Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 9 Tahun 2023 tentang Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial", "title_original": "Surat Edaran Menteri Komunikasi dan Informatika Nomor 9 Tahun 2023 tentang Etika Kecerdasan Artifisial", "url": "https://jdih.komdigi.go.id/produk_hukum/view/id/883/t/surat%2Bedaran%2Bmenteri%2Bkomunikasi%2Bdan%2Binformatika%2Bnomor%2B9%2Btahun%2B2023", "publisher": "JDIH Kementerian Komunikasi dan Digital", "publication_date": "2023", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "id", "source_type": "regulation", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official ministerial circular on AI ethics for businesses and public/private electronic system operators in Indonesia.", "translation_caveats": "Indonesian legal-administrative source. A circular should not automatically be treated as broad statutory AI regulation." }, { "id": "brin-ai-cybersecurity-research-center-page-2025", "title": "Pusat Riset Kecerdasan Artifisial dan Keamanan Siber", "title_original": "Pusat Riset Kecerdasan Artifisial dan Keamanan Siber", "url": "https://brin.go.id/orei/pusat-riset-kecerdasan-artifisial-dan-keamanan-siber/page/publikasi-capaian-tahun-2024", "publisher": "Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional", "publication_date": "2025-12-03", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "id", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Official BRIN Organisasi Riset Elektronika dan Informatika page indicating the existence of a Pusat Riset Kecerdasan Artifisial dan Keamanan Siber.", "translation_caveats": "Page indexing was sparse in retrieval. The institutional title is clear, but further program detail should be confirmed from fuller page capture." }, { "id": "philippines-dost-asti-ai-page", "title": "Artificial Intelligence", "url": "https://asti.dost.gov.ph/artificial-intelligence/", "publisher": "Department of Science and Technology Advanced Science and Technology Institute", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official DOST-ASTI AI page describing ASTI AI work and listing projects such as ASTI-ALaM under the SkAI-Pinas umbrella." }, { "id": "philippines-naicri-launch-2026", "title": "Launch of the National Artificial Intelligence Center for Research and Innovation", "url": "https://asti.dost.gov.ph/events/launch-of-the-national-artificial-intelligence-center-for-research-and-innovation/", "publisher": "Department of Science and Technology Advanced Science and Technology Institute", "publication_date": "2026-02-26", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official DOST-ASTI event page launching NAICRI and describing it as a national institutional anchor for AI research, advanced computing, and innovation." }, { "id": "philippines-dost-ai-flagship-year1-2026", "title": "DOST Marks First Year of AI Flagship Program with R&D Prototypes, 400+ Trained, and a National AI Center Launched", "url": "https://asti.dost.gov.ph/news-articles/dost-marks-first-year-of-ai-flagship-program-with-rd-prototypes-400-trained-and-a-national-ai-center-launched/", "publisher": "Department of Science and Technology Advanced Science and Technology Institute", "publication_date": "2026-03", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official DOST-ASTI article linking NAICRI to the broader ACABAI-PH AI flagship effort and summarising year-one implementation milestones." }, { "id": "src-pku-align-anything", "title": "PKU Alignment Group’s align-anything framework provides training for all-modality large models", "title_original": "北大对齐小组align-anything框架提供全模态大模型的训练", "url": "https://www.ai.pku.edu.cn/info/1086/3134.htm", "publisher": "Peking University Institute for Artificial Intelligence", "publication_date": "2025-03-17", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh-CN", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official PKU item on Align-Anything as multimodal alignment, data, and evaluation infrastructure.", "translation_caveats": "Chinese alignment terminology was translated conservatively." }, { "id": "src-pku-brittleness", "title": "Yang Yaodong group’s ACL 2025 best paper reveals why large models resist alignment", "title_original": "人工智能研究院杨耀东课题组ACL 2025最佳论文揭示大模型为何会“抗拒对齐”", "url": "https://www.ai.pku.edu.cn/info/1053/3353.htm", "publisher": "Peking University Institute for Artificial Intelligence", "publication_date": "2025-08-07", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh-CN", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official PKU item on alignment brittleness and resistance-to-alignment work.", "translation_caveats": "Rendered “抗拒对齐” literally as resistance to alignment." }, { "id": "src-pku-alignment-github", "title": "PKU-Alignment Team", "title_original": "PKU-Alignment Team", "url": "https://github.com/PKU-Alignment", "publisher": "PKU-Alignment", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "website", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Official repository organization for PKU’s alignment team." }, { "id": "src-pku-safe-rlhf", "title": "Constrained Value-Aligned LLM via Safe RLHF", "title_original": "Constrained Value-Aligned LLM via Safe RLHF", "url": "https://github.com/pku-alignment/safe-rlhf", "publisher": "PKU-Alignment", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "website", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Official PKU repository for Beaver and Safe-RLHF." }, { "id": "src-flagsafe-home", "title": "FlagSafe", "title_original": "FlagSafe 大模型安全平台", "url": "https://flagsafe.baai.ac.cn/", "publisher": "Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh-CN", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official FlagSafe platform homepage.", "translation_caveats": "Chinese safety-red-line language was paraphrased carefully." }, { "id": "src-flagsafe-launch", "title": "BAAI releases FlagSafe", "title_original": "智源发布 FlagSafe：构建大模型全面安全平台", "url": "https://hub.baai.ac.cn/view/54558", "publisher": "BAAI Community", "publication_date": "2026-05-10", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh-CN", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official BAAI launch announcement for FlagSafe and its subprojects.", "translation_caveats": "Institution and project names were normalized to official English labels where available." }, { "id": "src-flagsafe-alignment", "title": "FlagSafe alignment research", "title_original": "大模型对齐", "url": "https://flagsafe.baai.ac.cn/research/llm-alignment", "publisher": "Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh-CN", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official FlagSafe page for alignment research projects." }, { "id": "src-flagsafe-deception", "title": "FlagSafe deception research", "title_original": "欺骗研究", "url": "https://flagsafe.baai.ac.cn/research/deception-research", "publisher": "Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh-CN", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official FlagSafe page for deception research and benchmarks." }, { "id": "src-flageval", "title": "FlagEval", "title_original": "FlagEval 天秤大模型评测体系及开放平台", "url": "https://flageval.baai.ac.cn/", "publisher": "Beijing Academy of Artificial Intelligence", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh-CN", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official evaluation platform for large and foundation models." }, { "id": "src-opencompass-launch", "title": "Shanghai AI Laboratory launches OpenCompass", "title_original": "上海AI实验室推出OpenCompass开放评测体系，提供大模型能力参考", "url": "https://www.shlab.org.cn/news/5443498", "publisher": "Shanghai AI Laboratory", "publication_date": "2023-10-19", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh-CN", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Shanghai AI Lab announcement for OpenCompass." }, { "id": "src-opencompass-doc", "title": "OpenCompass framework overview", "title_original": "整体概括", "url": "https://doc.opencompass.org.cn/zh_CN/user_guides/framework_overview.html", "publisher": "OpenCompass", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh-CN", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official OpenCompass documentation describing capability dimensions including safety.", "translation_caveats": "Capability taxonomy terms have more than one possible English rendering." }, { "id": "src-ruc-xiting-bio", "title": "CCL 2025 tutorial bio for Xiting Wang", "title_original": "CCL2025 tutorial bio", "url": "https://cips-cl.org/static/CCL2025/en/cclProgram/tutorial/index.html", "publisher": "China Society for Chinese Information Processing Conference", "publication_date": "2025", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "website", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Official conference bio stating Wang Xiting works on large-model interpretability and safety alignment." }, { "id": "src-bigai-tongtest", "title": "Zhu Songchun team proposes TongTest standards and platform for AGI testing and rating", "title_original": "朱松纯教授团队提出通用人工智能测试评级的标准与平台", "url": "https://www.bigai.ai/blog/news/%E6%9C%B1%E6%9D%BE%E7%BA%AF%E6%95%99%E6%8E%88%E5%9B%A2%E9%98%9F%E6%8F%90%E5%87%BA%E9%80%9A%E7%94%A8%E4%BA%BA%E5%B7%A5%E6%99%BA%E8%83%BD%E6%B5%8B%E8%AF%95%E8%AF%84%E7%BA%A7%E7%9A%84%E6%A0%87%E5%87%86/", "publisher": "Beijing Institute for General Artificial Intelligence", "publication_date": "2023-11-30", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh-CN", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Official BIGAI article on TongTest and its ability-plus-value framing.", "translation_caveats": "TongTest is the source’s own English label." }, { "id": "src-hkust-shuaiwang", "title": "Shuai Wang", "title_original": "Shuai Wang", "url": "https://cse.hkust.edu.hk/~shuaiw/", "publisher": "Department of Computer Science and Engineering, HKUST", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official HKUST faculty page listing LLM-related security publications." }, { "id": "src-hkust-trustworthy-llm", "title": "Research and Technology Forum 2024 | Building Trustworthy LLM", "title_original": "Research and Technology Forum 2024 | Building Trustworthy LLM", "url": "https://cse.hkust.edu.hk/event/RTF2024/", "publisher": "Department of Computer Science and Engineering, HKUST", "publication_date": "2024", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "website", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official HKUST event page stressing LLM security and reliability risks." }, { "id": "src-hkust-hkgai-v1", "title": "HKUST pilots HKGAI V1", "title_original": "科大率先试用首个港产AI大模型HKGAI V1 推动教育创新", "url": "https://hkust.edu.hk/zh-hans/news/chat-hkgai-v1-hkust-introduces-first-homegrown-ai-tool-drive-innovative-education", "publisher": "Hong Kong University of Science and Technology", "publication_date": "2025-04-22", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "zh-HK", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official HKUST news item describing HKGAI V1 and noting safety and contextual suitability." }, { "id": "src-hkgai-v1-paper", "title": "HKGAI-V1: Towards Regional Sovereign Large Language Model for Hong Kong", "title_original": "HKGAI-V1: Towards Regional Sovereign Large Language Model for Hong Kong", "url": "https://arxiv.org/abs/2507.11502", "publisher": "arXiv", "publication_date": "2025-07-14", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "academic_paper", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Technical paper on HKGAI-V1, regional alignment, and the Adversarial HK Value Benchmark." }, { "id": "src-nii-llmc", "title": "National Institute of Informatics Large Language Model Research and Development Center", "title_original": "国立情報学研究所 大規模言語モデル研究開発センター", "url": "https://llmc.nii.ac.jp/", "publisher": "National Institute of Informatics", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "ja", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official LLMC homepage with LLM Safety Symposium and Safety WG activity." }, { "id": "src-llmjp-resources", "title": "LLM-jp resources", "title_original": "Resources - LLM-jp", "url": "https://llm-jp.nii.ac.jp/en/resources-en/", "publisher": "LLM-jp / National Institute of Informatics", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official resources page listing Safety WG materials." }, { "id": "src-japan-aisi-eval", "title": "AI Safety Evaluation Perspective Guide", "title_original": "AIセーフティに関する評価観点ガイド（第1.10版）概要", "url": "https://aisi.go.jp/assets/pdf/ai_safety_eval_summary_v1.10_ja.pdf", "publisher": "AI Safety Institute Japan", "publication_date": "2025-03-28", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "ja", "source_type": "official_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Japan AISI guide scoping AI safety evaluation for LLM systems.", "translation_caveats": "Japanese PDF; translation based on parsed text and screenshot." }, { "id": "src-japan-aisi-redteam", "title": "AI Safety Red Teaming Methods Guide", "title_original": "AIセーフティに関するレッドチーミング手法ガイド（第1.10版）概要", "url": "https://aisi.go.jp/assets/pdf/J2_ai_safety_RT_summary_v1.10_ja.pdf", "publisher": "AI Safety Institute Japan", "publication_date": "2025-03-31", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "ja", "source_type": "official_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Japan AISI guide on LLM-system red teaming.", "translation_caveats": "Japanese PDF; translation based on parsed text and screenshot." }, { "id": "src-sb-safety-boundary", "title": "Japanese LLM safety boundary test", "title_original": "日本語 LLM の安全性境界テスト", "url": "https://www.sbintuitions.co.jp/blog/entry/2025/03/19/120122", "publisher": "SB Intuitions", "publication_date": "2025-03-19", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "ja", "source_type": "website", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Official SB Intuitions blog on Japanese safety-boundary testing." }, { "id": "src-sb-wildguard-jp", "title": "WildGuardTestJP", "title_original": "WildGuardTestJP", "url": "https://www.sbintuitions.co.jp/blog/entry/2025/09/16/160351", "publisher": "SB Intuitions", "publication_date": "2025-09-16", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "ja", "source_type": "website", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Official SB Intuitions blog on a Japanese guardrail benchmark." }, { "id": "src-riken-answercarefully", "title": "Language Information Access Technology Team page", "title_original": "言語情報アクセス技術チーム", "url": "https://aip.riken.jp/labs/goalorient_tech/lang_inf_access_tech/?lang=ja", "publisher": "RIKEN AIP", "publication_date": "2024-05-13", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "ja", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official RIKEN page linking to AnswerCarefully for improving Japanese LLM safety." }, { "id": "src-riken-nlu", "title": "Natural Language Understanding Team", "title_original": "自然言語理解チーム", "url": "https://aip.riken.jp/labs/goalorient_tech/nat_lang_understand/?lang=ja", "publisher": "RIKEN AIP", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "ja", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official RIKEN NLU team page emphasizing interpretable and trustworthy foundation technologies.", "translation_caveats": "Mechanism-guarantee wording has no single standard English equivalent." }, { "id": "src-korea-aisi-home", "title": "AI Safety Institute Korea homepage", "title_original": "AISI 인공지능안전연구소", "url": "https://www.aisi.re.kr/", "publisher": "AI Safety Institute Korea", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "ko", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Korea AISI homepage." }, { "id": "src-korea-aisi-42models", "title": "Public release of safety-evaluation work on 42 AI models", "title_original": "AI 모델 42종 안전성 평가 수행 실적 공개", "url": "https://www.aisi.re.kr/kor/article/ATCL75b4fb0a5", "publisher": "AI Safety Institute Korea", "publication_date": "2026-05-13", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "ko", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Korea AISI news item for 42-model safety evaluation work." }, { "id": "src-soongsil-center", "title": "Soongsil University AI Safety Research Center", "title_original": "숭실대학교 AI안전성연구센터", "url": "https://aisc.ssu.ac.kr/", "publisher": "Soongsil University AI Safety Research Center", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "ko", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Soongsil AI safety center homepage." }, { "id": "src-soongsil-llm-safety", "title": "AI Safety Research Institute finds domestic LLM safety at 82 percent of overseas models", "title_original": "AI안전성연구소, 해외 대비 국내 거대언어모델(LLM) 안전성 82% 수준", "url": "https://scatch.ssu.ac.kr/%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4%EC%84%BC%ED%84%B0/%EC%A3%BC%EC%9A%94%EB%89%B4%EC%8A%A4/?slug=%EB%B3%B8%EA%B5%90-ai%EC%95%88%EC%A0%84%EC%84%B1%EC%97%B0%EA%B5%AC%EC%86%8C-%ED%95%B4%EC%99%B8-%EB%8C%80%EB%B9%84-%EA%B5%AD%EB%82%B4-%EA%B1%B0%EB%8C%80%EC%96%B8%EC%96%B4%EB%AA%A8%EB%8D%B8llm", "publisher": "Soongsil University", "publication_date": "2025-11-18", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "ko", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Soongsil article on 20-model evaluation with 57 attack techniques." }, { "id": "src-kaist-aipr-home", "title": "KAIST AIPR Lab homepage", "title_original": "KAIST AIPR Lab", "url": "https://ailab.kaist.ac.kr/", "publisher": "KAIST Artificial Intelligence and Probabilistic Reasoning Lab", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official KAIST AIPR page highlighting GC-DPO and Monet." }, { "id": "src-kaist-aipr-pubs", "title": "KAIST AIPR Lab publications", "title_original": "KAIST AIPR Lab publications", "url": "https://ailab.kaist.ac.kr/publications", "publisher": "KAIST Artificial Intelligence and Probabilistic Reasoning Lab", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official publications list for KAIST AIPR." }, { "id": "src-aivf-moonshot-launch", "title": "Press release – Project Moonshot", "title_original": "Press Release – Project Moonshot", "url": "https://aiverifyfoundation.sg/news/", "publisher": "AI Verify Foundation", "publication_date": "2024-05-31", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official AIVF launch note for Moonshot." }, { "id": "src-smu-agentspec", "title": "AgentSpec: Customizable runtime enforcement for safe agents", "title_original": "AgentSpec: Customizable runtime enforcement for safe agents", "url": "https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/sis_research/10278", "publisher": "Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge", "publication_date": "2026", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "academic_paper", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "SMU repository page for runtime enforcement of safe LLM agents." }, { "id": "src-smu-backdoorllm", "title": "BackdoorLLM: A comprehensive benchmark for backdoor attacks and defenses on large language models", "title_original": "BackdoorLLM: A comprehensive benchmark for backdoor attacks and defenses on large language models", "url": "https://ink.library.smu.edu.sg/cgi/viewcontent.cgi?article=11423&context=sis_research", "publisher": "Singapore Management University Institutional Knowledge", "publication_date": "2025", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "academic_paper", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "SMU repository copy of BackdoorLLM benchmark paper." }, { "id": "src-smu-llm-seminar", "title": "Research Seminar by Zhao Wei", "title_original": "Research Seminar by ZHAO Wei", "url": "https://computing.smu.edu.sg/newsletter/research-seminar-zhao-wei", "publisher": "Singapore Management University School of Computing and Information Systems", "publication_date": "2024-10-24", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "website", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official SMU seminar page saying Zhao Wei, supervised by Jun Sun, focuses on LLM safety." }, { "id": "src-nus-jinsong", "title": "DONG Jin Song", "title_original": "DONG Jin Song", "url": "https://www.comp.nus.edu.sg/cs/people/dongjs/", "publisher": "National University of Singapore Department of Computer Science", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official NUS faculty page describing formal methods with LLM agents and trusted AI." }, { "id": "src-trustllm", "title": "TrustLLM: Trustworthiness in Large Language Models", "title_original": "TrustLLM: Trustworthiness in Large Language Models", "url": "https://proceedings.mlr.press/v235/huang24x.html", "publisher": "Proceedings of Machine Learning Research", "publication_date": "2024-07", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "en", "source_type": "academic_paper", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Peer-reviewed TrustLLM benchmark paper." }, { "id": "src-nii-today", "title": "Transparency, reliability, and safety in LLM building", "title_original": "LLM構築における透明性・信頼性・安全性", "url": "https://www.nii.ac.jp/today/103/3.html", "publisher": "National Institute of Informatics", "publication_date": "unknown", "access_date": "2026-06-05", "language": "ja", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official NII Today interview on transparency, reliability, and safety in LLMC work." }, { "id": "caisi-main", "title": "Center for AI Standards and Innovation", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/caisi", "publisher": "NIST", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_caisi_main; accessed 2026-06-06." }, { "id": "caisi-deepseek", "title": "CAISI Evaluation of DeepSeek V4 Pro", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/news-events/news/2026/05/caisi-evaluation-deepseek-v4-pro", "publisher": "NIST", "publication_date": "2026-05-01", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_caisi_deepseek; 2026-05-01." }, { "id": "nist-ai-consortium", "title": "NIST AI Consortium", "url": "https://www.nist.gov/artificial-intelligence/nist-ai-consortium", "publisher": "NIST", "publication_date": "2026-05-29", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_nist_ai_consortium; updated 2026-05-29 notice referenced." }, { "id": "uk-aisi-home", "title": "The AI Security Institute", "url": "https://www.aisi.gov.uk/", "publisher": "UK AI Security Institute", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_uk_aisi_home; accessed 2026-06-06." }, { "id": "uk-aus-mou", "title": "UK and Australia pact on fast-moving AI security risks", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/uk-and-australia-pact-on-fast-moving-ai-security-risks", "publisher": "GOV.UK", "publication_date": "2026-05-25", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_uk_aus_mou; 2026-05-25." }, { "id": "uk-alignment-project", "title": "OpenAI and Microsoft join UK’s international coalition to safeguard AI development", "url": "https://www.gov.uk/government/news/openai-and-microsoft-join-uks-international-coalition-to-safeguard-ai-development", "publisher": "GOV.UK", "publication_date": "2026-02-19", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_uk_alignment_project; 2026-02-19." }, { "id": "eu-ai-office", "title": "European AI Office", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/policies/ai-office", "publisher": "European Commission", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_eu_ai_office; accessed 2026-06-06." }, { "id": "oecd-ai-home", "title": "The OECD Artificial Intelligence Policy Observatory", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/", "publisher": "OECD.AI", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_oecd_ai_home; accessed 2026-06-06." }, { "id": "oecd-haip", "title": "Hiroshima AI Reporting Framework", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/transparency/overview", "publisher": "OECD.AI", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_oecd_haip; accessed 2026-06-06." }, { "id": "oecd-ai-principles", "title": "OECD AI Principles overview", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/ai-principles", "publisher": "OECD.AI", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_oecd_ai_principles; accessed 2026-06-06." }, { "id": "oecd-aim", "title": "AIM: AI Incidents and Hazards Monitor", "url": "https://oecd.ai/en/incidents", "publisher": "OECD.AI", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_oecd_aim; accessed 2026-06-06." }, { "id": "mofa-hiroshima-code", "title": "Hiroshima Process International Code of Conduct for Organizations Developing Advanced AI Systems", "url": "https://www.mofa.go.jp/files/100573473.pdf", "publisher": "Ministry of Foreign Affairs of Japan", "publication_date": "2023", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "policy_guide", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_mofa_hiroshima_code; 2023 document accessed via OECD on 2026-06-06." }, { "id": "saif", "title": "Safe AI Forum", "url": "https://saif.org/", "publisher": "Safe AI Forum", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_saif; accessed 2026-06-06." }, { "id": "idais-beijing", "title": "IDAIS-Beijing", "url": "https://idais.ai/dialogue/idais-beijing/", "publisher": "IDAIS", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_idais_beijing; accessed 2026-06-06." }, { "id": "concordia-home", "title": "Concordia AI", "url": "https://concordia-ai.com/", "publisher": "Concordia AI", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_concordia_home; accessed 2026-06-06." }, { "id": "concordia-china-report", "title": "State of AI Safety in China (2025)", "url": "https://concordia-ai.com/research/state-of-ai-safety-in-china-2025/", "publisher": "Concordia AI", "publication_date": "2025-07", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "technical_report", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_concordia_china_report; 2025-07." }, { "id": "concordia-singapore-report", "title": "State of AI Safety in Singapore", "url": "https://concordia-ai.com/research/state-of-ai-safety-in-singapore/", "publisher": "Concordia AI", "publication_date": "2025-07", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "technical_report", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_concordia_singapore_report; 2025-07." }, { "id": "concordia-framework", "title": "Frontier AI Risk Management Framework", "url": "https://concordia-ai.com/research/frontier-ai-risk-management-framework/", "publisher": "Concordia AI and Shanghai AI Laboratory", "publication_date": "2025-07", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "technical_report", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_concordia_framework; 2025-07." }, { "id": "concordia-policy", "title": "Policy", "url": "https://concordia-ai.com/policy/", "publisher": "Concordia AI", "access_date": "2026-06-06", "language": "en", "source_type": "official_page", "reliability_rating": "B", "summary_note": "Normalized from PR2G source src_concordia_policy; accessed 2026-06-06." }, { "id": "miit-ai-standardization-committee-announcement-2024", "title": "Announcement of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology (No. 35 of 2024)", "title_original": "中华人民共和国工业和信息化部公告（2024年第35号）", "url": "https://wap.miit.gov.cn/jgsj/kjs/jscx/bzgf/art/2024/art_8d08138c71b04e52bcc20bc252a2efbc.html", "publisher": "Ministry of Industry and Information Technology", "publication_date": "2024-12-13", "access_date": "2026-06-12", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official MIIT announcement establishing MIIT/TC1 and describing its remit for AI industry standards, including evaluation testing, operations, large models, application maturity, development management, and AI risk. Official ministry notice; canonical source for MIIT/TC1 establishment and mandate." }, { "id": "shanghai-qizhi-institute-introduction-2026", "title": "Introduction", "title_original": "研究院简介", "url": "https://www.sqz.ac.cn/en/introduction", "publisher": "Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute", "access_date": "2026-06-12", "language": "English", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official Shanghai Qi Zhi Institute introduction describing the institute, its public-institution status, and research focus areas including AI and information security. First-party institutional page; canonical source for the institute's identity and remit." }, { "id": "brin-orei-home-2026", "title": "Organisasi Riset Elektronika dan Informatika", "url": "https://brin.go.id/orei/en", "publisher": "National Research and Innovation Agency", "access_date": "2026-06-12", "language": "English", "source_type": "institutional_page", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official BRIN OREI page identifying the Electronics and Informatics Research Organization and its contact/organizational context. First-party BRIN institutional page; canonical source for OREI's existence and placement within BRIN." }, { "id": "eu-ai-office-establishing-decision-2024", "title": "Commission Decision Establishing the European AI Office", "url": "https://digital-strategy.ec.europa.eu/en/library/commission-decision-establishing-european-ai-office", "publisher": "European Commission", "publication_date": "2024-01-24", "access_date": "2026-06-12", "language": "English", "source_type": "official_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official European Commission library page for the decision establishing the European AI Office within the Commission. Commission-hosted legal/administrative source; canonical evidence for the office's establishment." }, { "id": "singapore-ai-safety-red-teaming-challenge-report-2025", "title": "Singapore AI Safety Red Teaming Challenge Evaluation Report", "url": "https://www.imda.gov.sg/-/media/imda/files/about/emerging-tech-and-research/artificial-intelligence/singapore-ai-safety-red-teaming-challenge-evaluation-report.pdf", "publisher": "Infocomm Media Development Authority", "publication_date": "2025", "access_date": "2026-06-12", "language": "English", "source_type": "official_report", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official IMDA evaluation report for the Singapore AI Safety Red Teaming Challenge, documenting participation, evaluation design, and challenge findings. First-party report; canonical source for the challenge methodology and outputs." }, { "id": "cac-algorithm-recommendation-provisions-2022", "title": "Provisions on the Administration of Algorithmic Recommendation in Internet Information Services", "title_original": "互联网信息服务算法推荐管理规定", "url": "https://www.cac.gov.cn/2022-01/04/c_1642894606364259.htm", "publisher": "Cyberspace Administration of China", "publication_date": "2021-12-31", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "regulation", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official CAC posting of order No. 9, issued jointly with the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, the Ministry of Public Security, and the State Administration for Market Regulation. Published 2021-12-31, posted 2022-01-04, effective 2022-03-01. The binding rule for recommendation algorithms in internet information services." }, { "id": "most-new-generation-ai-governance-principles-2019", "title": "Developing Responsible AI: Release of the New Generation AI Governance Principles", "title_original": "发展负责任的人工智能：新一代人工智能治理原则发布", "url": "https://www.most.gov.cn/kjbgz/201906/t20190617_147107.html", "publisher": "Ministry of Science and Technology", "publication_date": "2019-06-17", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "official_announcement", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "MOST announcement of the 2019 New Generation AI Governance Principles, an eight-principle responsible-AI framework whose named principles include safe and controllable (安全可控) and agile governance (敏捷治理). Page confirmed live through search records rather than a direct fetch; a direct verification pass is still wanted." }, { "id": "gb-45438-2025-aigc-labeling-standard", "title": "GB 45438-2025 Cybersecurity Technology: Labeling Method for AI-Generated and Synthetic Content", "title_original": "GB 45438-2025 网络安全技术 人工智能生成合成内容标识方法", "url": "https://std.samr.gov.cn/gb/search/gbDetailed?id=301E0388CB75788DE06397BE0A0AE1B4", "publisher": "State Administration for Market Regulation / Standardization Administration of China", "publication_date": "2025-02-28", "access_date": "2026-07-07", "language": "Chinese", "source_type": "standard", "reliability_rating": "A", "summary_note": "Official national-standard catalog record for the mandatory labeling-method standard paired with the 2025 AI-generated content labeling measures. Issued 2025-02-28, effective 2025-09-01. The catalog record lists CAC as the administering authority with TC260 as the executing technical committee." } ]